Along with salt, pepper is on nearly every table. Historically significant, pepper is the most common spice in use. Nutritionally beneficial, pepper offers a unique flavor and a variety of uses. It is the third most common ingredient used in cooking behind water and salt. There are a variety of peppercorns commonly used and the spice is versatile in all forms. Peppercorns are the seed berries of the Piper nigrum vine, originating on the Malabar coast of India. Said to be discovered more than 4,000 years ago, peppercorns were cultivated as long ago as 1000 B.C.
The pepper berries grow on bushes that are cultivated to heights of about 13 ft. If the berries were allowed to ripen fully, they would turn red; instead, they are harvested when they are green. Harvesting is done without any mechanical equipment. Workers pick the unripened berries and transport them in large wicker baskets to drying platforms. The berries are spread on these large platforms to dry in the sun over a period of about a week and a half. In their dried state, the green berries blacken to become the peppercorns we use in pepper mills.
Black, white, and green peppercorns are all from the same plant.
Alternatively, the pepper berries can be picked just as they begin to turn red. They are plunged into boiling water for approximately 10 minutes, and they turn black or dark brown in an hour. The peppercorns are spread in the sun to dry for three to four days before they are taken to the factory to be ground. This process is quicker than air drying alone but requires the added step of the boiling water bath.
If white pepper is to be produced, the peppercorns are either stored after they have been boiled or they are harvested and packed in large sacks that are then lowered into running streams for seven to 15 days (depending on location). Bacterial action causes the outer husk of each peppercorn, called the pericarp, to break away from the remainder of the peppercorn. The berries are removed from the stream and placed in barrels partially immersed in water; workers trample the berries, much like stomping grapes, to agitate the peppercorns and remove any remaining husks. Some processors now use mechanical methods to grind off the outer coating to produce decorticated pepper, but many exporters prefer the old-fashioned method.
Black and white pepper are processed in the factory by cleaning, grinding, and packaging. Blowers and gravity separators are used to remove dust, dirt clods, bits of twigs and stalk and other impurities from the peppercorns after they are brought in from the field. Sometimes, treatments are used to eliminate bacteria on the cleaned, dry peppercorns.
Grinding consists of using a series of rollers in a process called cold roll milling to crush the peppercorns. Cracked peppercorns are only crushed lightly to bruise the peppercorns and release their flavor.
Peppercorn grinding machine
Further grinding steps crush peppercorns into coarse and fine grinds of pepper that are packaged separately. A sifter sorts the grains by size, and they are conveyed to packaging stations. Packaging varies widely among processors and includes bags, boxes and canisters for large-volume commercial sales and smaller jars, cans and mills for home use. Packing may also include the blending of pepper with other spices in a variety of spice mixes for preparing sauces, such as, cajun spice, Italian foods, seafood and a range of other specialized blends.
Because pepper is harvested by hand, quality control begins in the field with the careful observations of the harvesters. Bulk importation of peppercorns is monitored, as with all agricultural products, by government inspectors. In the factory, machinery and the steps in the processing or pepper are observed.
Pepper was considered so valuable that unscrupulous suppliers often mixed in mustard husks, juniper berries, and even floor sweepings and ground charcoal to stretch its value. In 1875, the British Sale of Food and Drugs Law imposed restrictions against the selling of adulterated pepper.
Although always prized as a flavor-enhancing spice, the peppercorn first gained fame for medicinal purposes as a digestive stimulant and expectorant. Its hot and pungent flavor causes the membranes inside the nose and throat to exude a lubricating secretion, helpful to those in respiratory distress by acting as an aid to induce coughing. Pepper was also used in an external ointment to relieve skin afflictions and hives.
Black pepper is also an effective deterrent to insects. A solution of one-half teaspoon freshly ground pepper to one quart of warm water sprayed on plants can be toxic to ants, potato bugs, silverfish and even roaches and moths. A sprinkling of ground pepper will also deter insect paths in non-garden areas.
Types of Pepper
Peppercorns (piper nigrum) ground for use on the table and in cooking originally came from India, but is now cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and South America. India is still the major producer of this spice with over half of the product coming from there.
A perennial bush, which often grows wild, is grown on trellises similar to grape vines. The bush has round, smooth jointed stems, dark green leaves and small white flowers. The flowers become the berries. The flowers grow in clusters of up to 150 berries. Grown from cuttings, the bush bears fruit after three or four years until about fifteen years old. Typically, pepper bushes grow best near the equator and some believe the closer to the equator the hotter the peppercorn. From this bush, three types of peppercorn are harvested: black, green and white.
Black Peppercorns:
Black peppercorns are the dried berry and the most pungent and strongest in flavor of the three. The berries are picked just before they are ripe and are typically sun dried. As they dry, an enzyme is released which darkens the hull of the berry to anywhere from dark brown to jet black. Within the hull is a lighter seed which causes a variance in the color of the ground pepper. Black pepper comes in many forms; whole, cracked and ground. The ground pepper has varying degrees in size from fine to coarse. Some of the uses are as follows: in whole form for pickling and stocks, cracked for meats and salads and ground for everything else.
Tellicherry Pepper:
Currently the Tellicherry pepper is the most popular. It is named after the port and region, it is gathered from. It is the oldest source of black pepper, though Alleppey and Pandjung are also long time areas for the export of this spice. The Tellicherry peppercorn is larger and darker than others. It has a more complex flavor which is why it is more popular. Tellicherry and Malabar come from the same region in Southwest India. The Tellicherry is picked slightly closer to being ripe and is considered to be slightly better than the Malabar. Malabar has a green hue with a strong flavor.
Green Peppercorns:
Green peppercorns are the green berry picked long before they are ripe, which can be freeze-dried to preserve the smooth texture and bright color. While the green peppercorn gives a strong tart punch of flavor to begin with, it does not linger long in the mouth. These can also be pickled for shipment. The berries for the green and black peppercorns are actually picked at about the same time but the green are not allowed to dry. Drying prevents enzymes from activating. Green peppercorns only come packed in brine, water or freeze-dried. Some of the uses are as follows: for meat sauces or for seasoning poultry, vegetables, and seafood.
White Peppercorns:
The United States is one of the largest consumers of black pepper and has a much higher demand for black pepper than white pepper. However, Europeans prefer the white pepper over the black. This peppercorn consists of mature berries that are given a short water bath in order to remove the husks before the remaining seed is sun-dried. The removal of the husk prevents the dark color forming during the drying process. As the berry ripens, it becomes a bright red color. During the drying process, it becomes white. A second way for the white pepper to be harvested is to harvest the green berry, soak it for several days before rubbing off the outer layer. The remaining seed is then either dried for used whole or ground. This pepper has a long drawn out flavor which lingers. White pepper has two forms: whole and ground. Generally white is preferred over black for any dish where the pepper might show, such as in the following uses: white sauces, cream soups and fish or poultry dishes.
Red Peppercorns:
These are rare and difficult to find, particularly in the United States. They are the red berries ripened on the vine. Instead of just picking the berries, they are harvested with part of the vine. These are best used within a very short period of time. The red peppercorn has a sweet and mellow flavor in contrast to the pungent strong flavor of the black. Since these are rare in the United States, most recipes calling for red pepper are referring to ground cayenne or red chilies.
Blends and Combinations:
Blending the three types of pepper doesn’t really enhance the flavors; however, there are two blends which can work nicely. Black and green combined add a bit more bite to a dish. Black and white combined makes the flavor linger longer.
Lemon Pepper:
Peppercorns can also be blended with other products like garlic, coriander, lemon, shallot and chipotle pepper. A favorite is lemon pepper chicken or fish and the main spice in those dishes come from a combination of lemon and pepper.
False Pepper:
There are several varieties of peppercorns which are do not belong to the piper nigrum family. These come from several different types of plants that have a different flavor and should not be used as a substitute. Some are as follows:
Long pepper (piper longum) originates in central Africa but is now also grown in India and Eastern China. The bud fruit is about an inch long and consists of lots of tiny black and gray seeds. The taste is a mild pepper flavor. This was commonly used during the Middle Ages and is best used in sweet, hot recipes that include ginger. Suggestions for use are in uncooked recipes where he flavor won’t be cooked away, such as, fresh fruit salad or coleslaw.
Pink peppercorns (shinus molle) are grown in Madagascar, Mexico and Australia. The pale pink berries are harvested in the summer. Initially this has a pepper flavor but ends tasting sweet. It is good for vegetable and seafood dishes and is not a good replacement for regular pepper. It can cause an allergic reaction in children. The schinus terebinthifolius species, also used as a pink pepper, looks similar to a holly tree and is grows in parts of the United States. There is an additional pink peppercorn which comes from the Baies rose plant (euonymus phellomanus) which is also from Madagascar.
Sichuan or Szechuan pepper is commonlyfound in China and used in many Chinese and Japanese dishes, but it is also a good addition to chicken noodle soup. The pepper comes from the berries of the prickly Ash tree native to China. They are more spicy than regular pepper.
Pepperleaf (piper sanctum) is cultivated in Peru and Argentina. The leaves are harvested year round. The green leaf is picked from a bush which is in the pepper family. It is very similar to cilantro and best used fresh. It has a little bite but mellows to a sweeter flavor.
Pepper Cooking Tips
In standard recipes, avoid adding ground pepper until the end of the cooking process, so its flavor does not get dulled. When cooking a recipe using a large amount of pepper over high heat, be aware, that any smoke from the peppered food can cause irritation, so be sure you have proper ventilation.
Italian Recipes That Use Peppercorns
Cracked Pepper Cheese Ball
Serve with breadsticks, crackers or focaccia bread as an appetizer.
Makes 12 servings
Ingredients:
- 1-8 ounce package reduced fat cream cheese, softened
- 2 tablespoons finely chopped Italian parsley
- 1 small clove garlic, minced
- 1 tablespoon lemon juice
- 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano
- 1/2 teaspoon dry mustard
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 tablespoon cracked black pepper or more
Directions:
In electric mixer bowl on medium speed, beat cream cheese until smooth. Add parsley and the next 5 ingredients and blend thoroughly.
Line an 8 ounce round bowl or crock with plastic wrap, leaving overhang long enough to cover the top of the bowl. Pack cheese mixture into bowl and smooth the top with the back of a spoon.
Cover top with plastic wrap overhang and refrigerate at least two hours or up to two days.
To serve:
Place cracked black pepper on a piece of wax paper. Pull up on plastic to remove cheese from the bowl. Turn cheese ball onto the paper with the cracked black pepper and remove plastic wrap, Roll ball around on the cracked pepper to coat the outside evenly. You may need more pepper, depending on how much pepper covering you want on the cheese ball. Place on a serving dish.
Cacio e Pepe
Serves 2
Ingredients:
- Kosher salt
- 6 oz. pasta (such as egg tagliolini, bucatini or spaghetti)
- 3 tablespoons unsalted butter, cubed and divided
- 1 teaspoon freshly cracked black pepper
- 3/4 cup finely grated Grana Padano or Parmesan cheese
- 1/3 cup finely grated Pecorino Romano cheese
Directions:
Bring 3 quarts water to a boil in a 5-qt. pot. Season with salt; add pasta and cook, stirring occasionally, until about 2 minutes before tender. Drain, reserving 3/4 cups pasta cooking water.
Meanwhile, melt 2 tablespoons butter in a large heavy skillet over medium heat. Add pepper and cook, swirling pan for 1 minute.
Add 1/2 cup reserved pasta water to skillet and bring to a simmer. Add pasta and remaining butter. Reduce heat to low and add Grana Padano cheese, stirring and tossing with tongs until incorporated. Remove pan from heat; add Pecorino Romano cheese, stirring and tossing until sauce coats the pasta, and pasta is cooked al dente. (Add more pasta water if sauce seems dry.) Transfer pasta to warm bowls and serve.
Fennel And Peppercorn Crusted Tuna Steaks
Serves 2
Ingredients
- 1 tablespoon fennel seeds
- 1 tablespoon whole peppercorns
- 1 teaspoon dried rosemary
- 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- 2 cloves garlic
- 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
- 2 tuna steaks
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
Directions:
Crush fennel seeds, peppercorns, pepper flakes and dried rosemary in a mortar and pestle (or pulse once or twice in a spice grinder – you want them slightly ground, but not pulverized).
If using a mortar and pestle, add garlic and salt and smash until garlic is evenly distributed (mixture will look like wet sand, not paste-like). If you used the spice grinder, coarsely chop garlic and leave on cutting board. Sprinkle with spice mixture and salt and press into with the side of a knife or bottom of pan until blended.
Pat tuna steaks dry with paper towels and press garlic-spice mixture into both sides of steaks.
Place dry skillet over medium-high heat – let pan get hot. Gently place tuna steaks in pan.
Cook about 2-3 minutes on each side for rare, 4-5 for medium or 6 minutes for well done, carefully flipping with spatula. Just like a steak, it’s ready to flip – when it’s seared properly, the tuna will no longer stick to the pan. Remove from heat and cover for about 5 minutes.
Beef Filet With Green Peppercorn Sauce
4 servings. For 8 (4-ounce) servings, cut steaks diagonally into thin slices; divide over 8 plates. Drizzle evenly with sauce.
Ingredients:
- 4 (8-ounce) beef tenderloin filets
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon pepper
- 1 teaspoon butter or margarine
- 1 teaspoon olive oil
- 2 cups Marsala
- 1 cup fat-free, low-sodium beef broth
- 20 green peppercorns, drained
- 5-ounces fat-free evaporated milk
- 1/4 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- Garnish: Italian parsley sprigs
Green Peppercorns in Brine
Sprinkle beef steaks evenly with salt and pepper.
Melt butter with olive oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Add beef and cook 6 minutes on each side or until cooked to medium rare (145°F) to medium (160°F). Remove beef from skillet and keep warm.
Add wine, broth and peppercorns to skillet and bring to a boil; cook until liquid is reduced by half. Reduce heat to low and stir in evaporated milk and mustard; cook 5 minutes or until slightly thickened. Return beef to skillet and turn to coat in the sauce. Garnish with parsley, if desired.
Note: Green peppercorns are immature, tender peppercorns jarred in brine. They can be found near capers in the pickled food section of the supermarket.
Seared Peppered Scallops with Orange Sauce
4 Servings
Ingredients:
- 2 tablespoons olive oil, divided
- 1 1/2 pounds sea scallops, patted dry with paper towels
- 2 teaspoons ground peppercorn blend, or ground black pepper
- 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped (about 2 teaspoons)
- 1/2 cup orange juice
- 1/2 teaspoon (packed) grated orange peel and the rest of the orange peeled and cut into segments
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano
Directions:
Heat oil in large skillet over high heat. Sprinkle scallops with pepper blend and salt. Working in batches, add scallops to skillet in single layer; saute until lightly brown, about 2 minutes per side. Transfer scallops to a serving plate with sides, leaving drippings in pan.
Add garlic to drippings in skillet; stir 30 seconds. Add orange juice and orange peel. Boil until sauce thickens to syrup, stirring frequently, about 2 minutes.
Add the butter and oregano. Continue cooking over high heat, stirring to bring up any brown bits on the bottom of the skillet, about one minute more. Add the orange segments and mix well. Pour sauce over scallops and serve.
Pears with Vanilla Sugar Syrup and Black Peppercorns
From The Grand Hotel Timeo Restaurant in Taormina, Sicily.
Ingredients:
- 4 ripe Anjou pears, stemmed, cut in half, cored and cut into 1/4-inch thick slices
- Juice of two lemons
- 2 cups water
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1 medium vanilla bean
- 2 teaspoons black peppercorns
Directions:
Cover the pear slices with lemon juice and allow to stand covered for 10 minutes.
Combine the water and sugar in a medium-size saucepan. Bring to boil, lower the heat to simmer.
Slit the vanilla bean lengthwise with a small knife. Scrape out the seeds with the knife tip and add to the water and sugar mixture.
Scoop the pear slices from the lemon juice and add them to the water and sugar mixture along with the peppercorns. Simmer for 10 minutes. Cool in the pan then transfer to a bowl. Serve at room temperature.
Related articles
- Your Questions: The 10 Essential Spices for Stocking Your Pantry (thebittenword.com)
- Make Your Own Pepper Blends for More Flavorful Cooking (lifehacker.com)
- I’m a pepper …. (madcrowherbals.com)
- White Pepper (lukehoney.typepad.com)
- The Spiciest Dish in the World (and How to Make it) (theflyingfugu.com)
Salt has played a key role in most cultures and, economically, it’s been important throughout the ages. Salt has been referenced and utilized in nearly all time periods and cultures from before recorded history. It’s been used as money and for trade in many early cultures.
For example:
Roman soldiers were paid with salt.
The Dutch foiled Spain’s aggression in the 16th century by blockading an Iberian salt supply and this led to Spain’s bankruptcy. With the loss of this commodity, war was avoided.
A salt tax in France became a major contributing factor to the French revolution.
China published, somewhere between 2700 BC to 4700 BC, a treatise concerning the medical uses of salt.
Some of the earliest Egyptian writings have a description of how to extract salt and Egyptians used salt in the mummification process.
Salt has been a part of religion as well. Some cultures ascribe magical powers to salt from protection to cleansing.
With its unique and versatile flavor, salt has been a staple throughout time. Enhancing almost every dish, salt is added to breads, meats, fruits and vegetables to sauces and desserts.
How Salt Aids Foods:
Preservation – helps protect against microorganisms, bacteria through dehydration and preventing growth of bacteria, which slows or prevents spoilage.
Texture Aid – in bread making, allows the dough to rise by giving helping the gluten hold more water and carbon dioxide. In meats it improves tenderness and in cheeses it aids in consistency of the cheese and the hardness of the rind.
Binder – in processed meats it helps retain water which reduces the loss of meat when cooking.
Color Developer – in ham, bacon, and other processed meats it helps obtain the desired color. It also helps create a golden crust for breads.
Fermentation Control – slows and controls the fermentation process in making pickles, cheese and sauerkraut.
What Is Salt?
Salt is made up of sodium and chloride. Sodium cannot be produced within the human body so it is important to the diet. Sodium helps regulate water balance and osmotic pressure. Chloride is equally important in the human diet for it helps the blood to carry carbon dioxide, absorb potassium, improve digestion and conserves an acid-base balance in the body. All of these benefits are received from the common salt shaker almost everyone has on their table.
The recommended salt intake varies for the individual. In general, though, a minimum of 500 mg per day with a maximum of 2400 mg is a good guideline. This is difficult to regulate because so many foods contain salt naturally. As with anything, too much salt may cause problems. Some of the problems include: hypertension or high blood pressure and high acidity, which may cause esophageal cancer.
In healthy people, too much salt is typically discarded by the kidneys. Since Americans tend to overindulge in salt, much focus has been placed on the effect salt has on hypertension. Many studies have been done and debate continues as to whether salt adversely affects blood pressure.
Three Basic Categories Of Salt:
Table Salt
Table salt – the one found in most salt shakers, is mined from salt deposits and has most of the minerals removed. Most salt in the United States is sold with iodine added making it iodized salt. This salt is harvested by forcing water into a mine to create brine (salt/water mix). The brine is then evaporated leaving cubes of salt. The salt is refined from there to create varieties like:
Pickling salt, Canning salt, Coarse salt, – fine grained without iodine or anti-caking preservatives. This is similar to table salt, but lacks the iodine and anti-caking additives that turn pickles dark and the pickling liquid cloudy. Pickles made with table salt would still be good to eat, but they wouldn’t look as appetizing.
Pretzel salt – large grained, does not melt quickly.
Rock salt – large crystal salt with a gray color, due to minerals not being removed. This form of salt is available in most grocery stores and in hardware stores.
Popcorn salt – very fine grained salt which is a flakier version of table salt.
Iodized salt – contains a small amount of potassium iodide and dextrose as a dietary supplement to prevent thyroid disease.
Seasoned salt – table salt with herbs added, such as onion, hickory smoke or garlic.
Kosher Salt
Kosher salt – is an additive-free coarse-grained salt. This salt was developed for the preparation of kosher meats in accordance with Jewish dietary laws. The salt itself is not kosher, but this is where the name comes from. The difference between table and Kosher salt is that during the evaporation process it is raked to give it a block-like structure which allows the salt to draw the blood out of meats. The raking makes Kosher salt coarser and flakier than table salt, so it disperses more easily. This makes it lighter and less dense than table salt. Since it is a lighter salt, there is less aftertaste with it. Kosher salt is recommended for rimming cocktail glasses for drinks, like margaritas. Today many cooks and chefs prefer it over table salt in their cooking, as it dissolves fast and its flavor disperses quickly. Kosher salt weighs less by volume than table salt, so you must increase the amount of salt used in a recipe (especially yeast bread recipes) when substituting it for table salt. This is a great all-purpose salt.
Sea Salt
Sea Salt -is gained from evaporating salt water collected from an ocean or sea. The process is more costly than the mining process. Sea salt is less refined than other salts. Depending on the seawater used, you also get a variety of minerals in the sea salt.
Black Salt, Kala Namak, Sanchal – Significant for its strong sulfur odor (India) this salt is a pearly pink gray. It is used in Indian cooking.
Grey salt, Celtic salt, Sel Gris – Harvested from the light film of salt which forms during the evaporation process. The gray or light purple color comes from the clay in the region of France where it is harvested by traditional hand methods.
Hawaiian sea salt – Has a distinctive pink hue from the Alaea added to it. The Alaea is volcanic red clay with a high content of iron oxide. This salt is used in many traditional Hawaiian dishes like Kahlua Pig and Hawaiian Jerky.
Coarse salt, Gos Sel, Gale Grosso – Is a larger grained salt which resists moisture and is intended to be ground. Uses include flavoring for soups and salt crusts on meats.
Flake salt – Shaped like snowflakes and the sun and wind are used for evaporation. Then the brine is slowly heated to create the flakes.
Fleur de Sel, Flower of Salt, Flor De Sal – Skimmed from the top of salt ponds early in the process of evaporation and is considered a great condiment salt; also good on grilled meats, in salads and on vegetables. The flavor, like wines, varies depending on the region it is harvested from. Typically it is from France though some is produced in Portugal.
French Sea Salt – Processed less than American salt and retains more of the mineral content gained from the Atlantic seawater it is harvested from. This usually includes natural iodine. This coarse salt is good for salads, vegetables and grilled meats.
Grinder salt – Large dry salt crystal which can easily be put through a grinder. With a salt grinder you want to avoid metal as the salt will corrode the grinding mechanism.
Italian Sea Salt, Sicilian Sea Salt, Sale Marino – Harvested from the lower Mediterranean sea by hand using traditional methods of natural evaporation, this salt is high in iodine, fluorine, magnesium and potassium. A delicate salt which is good on salads and in sauces.
Smoked Sea Salt – The salt is smoked over real wood fires to add the flavor to the crystals. These can be used in soups, salads, pasta and also in grilling foods like salmon.
Workers in Sicily collecting sea salt, which takes many months to be transformed from saline water to crystal form.
Some Other Types Of Salt:
Organic Salt: Organic salt has different standards than organic livestock or botanicals. Some organizations have started to set up guidelines to ensure the quality of water and production process.
Lite (light) salt and salt substitutes: These generally do not have a great flavor. Lite salt uses potassium chloride to reduce the sodium level in the salt. Salt substitutes have little or no sodium in them and are typically used by people who have a medical restriction to salt.
Sour Salt: is not made up of salt at all, instead it is citric acid. This is used to prevent browning when canning fruit. It can also be added to rye or sourdough bread to make it more tart.
Fine salts – used for baking in special recipes. The texture and size of a fine salt is smaller and more dense than a more coarsely ground salt.
Cooking With Salt
When making soups, stews or sauces that will reduce while cooking, use little, if any, salt at the beginning, since the flavor will concentrate over time.
Salt measurements in recipes are standardized for ordinary table salt, so if you’re using salt with larger crystals or flakes, like kosher salt, make sure to adjust the measurement as needed. (A rule of thumb: if 1 teaspoon table salt is required, use about 1½ teaspoons kosher salt.)
A dish salted to taste at room temperature will taste less salty after chilled.
To improve the flavor of chicken, rub salt inside and out before roasting.
Add a pinch of salt:
- To enhance the flavor of coffee.
- To whipping cream or egg whites to get them to whip faster.
- To milk to have it stay fresh longer.
- To boiled potatoes, salt after draining – this gives them a fine texture.
- Keep salads crisp by salting immediately before serving.
Here are some general guidelines in using salt amounts:
• 1 teaspoon per quart for soups and sauces.
• 2 teaspoons per pound for boneless raw meat.
• 1 teaspoon per 4 cups flour for dough.
• 1 teaspoon per two cups liquid for cooked cereal.
• 1 teaspoon per 3 cups water for boiled vegetables.
• 1 Tablespoon per 2 quarts water for pasta.
• 1 Tablespoon coarse or kosher salt = 2 teaspoons table salt.
General tips to help with using salt in the kitchen:
- Over salted soup – add a cut up potato or two to absorb the extra salt.
- To prevent food from sticking to skillets, waffle irons or griddles, sprinkle with salt and heat in a warm oven, dust off the salt and return to the cupboard. Next usage, foods won’t stick.
- Boil eggs in salt water to ease the peeling process.
- To set the whites of poached eggs, use salted water.
- Place an egg in a cup of water with 2 teaspoon of salt, a fresh egg will sink, a floating egg may be spoiled.
- Washing spinach, lettuce and other greens in saltwater will keep them crisp.
- Lightly salted cold water helps maintain the color of apples, pears and potatoes.
- Soak pecans in salted water to make shelling easier.
- Dampen a cloth with saltwater and wrap around cheese to prevent molding.
- Sprinkle ice with salt, place gelatin salads or desserts on ice to get them to set more quickly.
Sources:
- Salt Institute
- Salt Traders
- Maharajh, Christina “20 Amazing Ways to Use Salt”
- Bardey, Catherine, Secrets of the Spas, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 1999
- Breedlove, Greta, The Herbal Home Spa, Storey Books, 1998
- Edgson, Vicki and Ian Marber, The Food Doctor, Collins & Brown Ltd, 1999
Recipes Where Salt Is Important
Homemade Herb Salt
Ingredients:
- 1/2 cup coarse sea salt
- 1/4 cup packed fresh rosemary leaves 1/4 cup packed fresh lemon thyme leaves
- 1 cup fine sea salt
Directions:
Place 1/2 cup coarse sea salt, rosemary, and lemon thyme in the bowl of a food processor. Pulse, grinding salt until rosemary and thyme have a fine consistency. Add 1 cup sea salt and pulse to combine.
Pour salt mixture into a shallow baking dish and let air dry for 2 hours. Transfer salt to a glass jar and screw on lid.
Baked Kale Chips
6 Servings
- 1 bunch kale
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 teaspoon seasoned salt
Directions:
Preheat an oven to 350 degrees F. Line a non insulated cookie sheet with parchment paper.
With a knife or kitchen shears carefully remove the leaves from the thick stems and tear into bite size pieces. Wash and thoroughly dry kale with a salad spinner. Drizzle kale with olive oil and sprinkle with seasoning salt. Bake until the edges brown but are not burnt, 10 to 15 minutes.
Dill Pickles
Ingredients:
- 1 quart water
- 4 tablespoons kosher salt or pickling salt
- 1 pound Kirby cucumbers
- 4-5 peeled garlic cloves
- 2-3 tablespoons homemade pickling spice, recipe below
Directions:
In a medium pan, combine water and salt. Bring to a boil and heat until the salt is fully dissolved. Set aside and let the brine fully cool before using.
Wash a wide-mouth quart jar and a small four-ounce jelly jar and let them dry.
Wash Kirby cucumbers well and trim the ends. Pack them into the clean quart jar in one layer with the garlic cloves and the pickling spice. Pour the cooled brine over the cucumbers leaving space for the jelly jar to fit. Tap the jar gently on your counter to settle the cucumbers and to remove any air bubbles.
Place the four-ounce jelly jar into the mouth of the quart jar and fill it with some of the remaining brine. Press it down so that it holds the cucumbers in place.
Put a small square of cheesecloth or a tea towel over the jar and secure it with a rubber band. Set the jar on a small plate or saucer and place it in an area of your kitchen that’s cool and out of direct sunlight.
Check the jar every day to ensure that the cucumbers remain submerged in the brine. After a week, slice off a small amount of cucumber and taste. If you like the level of sourness that the pickle has reached, remove the jelly jar from the mouth of the quart, place a lid on the jar and move it to the refrigerator.
If you think they need to continue to sour, let them sit out for a few more days. Pickles can continue their fermentation process for up to three weeks.
Recipe can be increased to make multiple jars.They will last up to a year in the refrigerator.
Homemade Pickling Spice
- 2 tablespoons black peppercorns
- 2 tablespoons mustard seeds
- 2 tablespoons coriander seeds
- 2 tablespoons dill seed
- 2 tablespoons allspice berries
- 1 tablespoons crushed red pepper flakes
- 10-12 bay leaves, crumbled
Combine and store in a glass jar.
Easy Soft Pretzel
6 Servings
Ingredients:
- 3 cups Unbleached All-Purpose Flour
- 2 teaspoons active dry yeast
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup warm water (120° to 130°)
- 1 tablespoon softened butter or vegetable oil
Topping:
- 3 tablespoons water
- 2 teaspoons sugar
- 2 teaspoons baking soda
- Kosher salt or coarse salt
Directions
In a large bowl, combine flour, yeast, salt, water and butter; beat until smooth (mixture will be slightly sticky).
Sprinkle with 1-2 tablespoons water if dough is dry. Cover and let rest in a warm place 30 minutes.
For topping, combine water, sugar and baking soda in a shallow bowl.
Punch dough down. Turn onto a lightly greased surface; divide into six equal pieces. Roll each piece into a 24-in. rope.
Shape each rope into a pretzel and dip into the baking solution. Sprinkle pretzels with coarse salt .
Place on parchment-lined baking sheets. Bake at 400° F for 12-15 minutes or until golden brown. Serve warm.
Preserved Lemons
Ingredients:
- 8-10 lemons, scrubbed very clean
- 1/2 cup kosher salt, more if needed
- Extra fresh squeezed lemon juice, if needed
- Sterilized quart canning jar
Directions:
Place 2 tablespoons of salt in the bottom of a sterilized jar.
One by one, prepare the lemons in the following way:
1. Cut off any protruding stems from the lemons and cut 1/4 inch off the tip of each lemon.
2. Cut the lemons as if you were going to cut them in half lengthwise, starting from the tip, but do not cut all the way. Keep the lemon attached at the base. Make another cut in a similar manner, so now the lemon is quartered, but attached at the base.
3. Pull the lemons open and generously sprinkle salt all over the insides and outsides of the lemons.
4. Pack the lemons in the quart jar, squishing them down so that juice is extracted and the lemon juice rises to the top of the jar. Fill up the jar with lemons, making sure the top is covered with lemon juice. Add more fresh squeezed lemon juice if necessary. Top with a couple tablespoons of salt.
5. Seal the jar and let sit at room temperature for a couple days. Turn the jar upside down occasionally. Put in the refrigerator and let sit, again turning upside down occasionally, for at least 3 weeks, until lemon rinds soften.
To use: remove a lemon from the jar and rinse thoroughly in water to remove salt. Discard seeds before using. Discard the pulp before using, if desired.
Store in refrigerator for up to 6 months.
Chicken with Preserved Lemons and Green Olives
Serves 4
Ingredients:
- 4 boneless skinless chicken breast halves
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 medium onions, sliced 1/4 inch thick
- 2 garlic cloves, thinly sliced
- 1/2 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 8 pieces preserved lemon
- 1/2 cup chicken broth
- 1/4 cup dry white wine
- 16 pitted green olives, halved
Directions:
Pat chicken dry, then season with salt and pepper. Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a 12-inch nonstick skillet over moderately high heat until hot but not smoking, then saute chicken until golden brown, about 3 minutes on each side. Transfer chicken to a plate and keep warm, covered.
Add remaining tablespoon oil to skillet and reduce heat to moderate. Cook onions and garlic, stirring frequently, until softened but not browned, 8 to 10 minutes. Add turmeric and pepper and cook, stirring, 1 minute.
Scrape pulp from preserved lemon, reserving for another use. Cut rind into thin strips and add to onions with broth, wine and olives.
Return chicken, with any juices accumulated on plate, to skillet. Braise, covered, until chicken is cooked through, about 12 minutes.
Kosher Salt Encrusted Prime Rib Roast
Servings: 6
Ingredients:
- 2 cups coarse kosher salt
- 4 pound prime rib roast
- 1 tablespoon ground black pepper
- 1 tablespoon seasoning salt
Directions:
Preheat oven to 210 degrees F.
Cover the bottom of a roasting pan with a layer of kosher salt. Place the roast, bone side down, on the salt. Season the meat with the ground black pepper and seasoning salt, then cover completely with kosher salt.
Roast in the preheated oven for 4 to 5 hours, or until the internal temperature of the meat reaches 145 degrees F .
Remove the roast from the oven and let rest for 30 minutes. This sets the juices and makes the roast easier to carve. (Note: Be sure to remove all the salt from the roast before carving and serving.)
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- Salt and Its Many Varieties: What Are the Differences? (foodiefriendsfridaydailydish.com)
- Pink Himalayan Salt Soap (imagesinbloom.wordpress.com)
- Dietitians Dish: Cut back on sodium (victoriaadvocate.com)
- Scientists Say it’s Safe to Pass the Salt, For Now (liheart.org)
Winter is a great time to experiment with fruits like the kumquat, which can be added to a salad for a low-calorie, high-vitamin option. You can also try star fruits, which are great for heart health, or the flu-fighting quince. Certain varieties of tropical and citrus fruits, which are grown in places like Florida and Hawaii, have the highest levels of heart-healthy antioxidants of any fruit, so you can still make your heart happy without having to purchase fruit flown in from another hemisphere.
Some Not So Common Winter Fruits
Kumquats
The tiny little olive-sized citrus fruits are full of disease-fighting antioxidants, which are contained in their sweet, edible skin. A serving of five (which is about five calories) also contains one-fifth of your daily fiber needs, along with a healthy dose of potassium and vitamins A and C. The most commonly found variety is the Nagami, and California and Florida are home to most of our domestic crop, which peaks between November and March.
Slice kumquats and add to a salad or use in place of oranges in your recipes. Diced kumquats and avocado make a great salsa when mixed with red onion, cilantro and lime. At the market, look for firm fruits that are bright orange in color (green ones aren’t ripe), and store kumquats them at room temperature for two or three days or for up to two weeks in the refrigerator.
Carambolas or Star Fruit
Exotic fruits are generally higher in vitamin C, higher in potassium and lower in calories than domestic fruits. Carambolas, or star fruits, are no exception. High in inflammation-lowering polyphenols, they’re also great for your heart and full of fiber. Most of the star fruits you’ll see in stores now come from Hawaii or South Florida. Look for firm, shiny, evenly-colored yellow fruit. Handle with care, as star fruit bruise easily. Ripen them at room temperature for a few days until light brown ribs form and a full, fruity aroma develops, then refrigerate them for up to a week. The carambola’s taste has been described as a cross between citrus, apple and pear, and you can eat them as is, or slice them into fruit salads.
Rambutans
In Hawaii, the decline of the sugarcane plantations has led to a growing specialty fruit industry and antioxidant powerhouses rambutans, lychees and longans are now grown there. The rambutan, also known as hairy lychee or hula berry, is a tropical treat and their season runs from September through March. They might even be better for you than green tea. Rambutans have higher levels of the antioxidants: flavonoids and anthocyanins, both of which are believed to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and cardiovascular problems. They also contain iron and calcium. Look for rambutans in Asian and other specialty markets and handle them with care — they’re fragile and keep only a day or two at room temperature. If you’re not eating them right away, place them in a perforated plastic bag and refrigerate. To enjoy them, simply peel and pop into your mouth or add them to a fruit platter.
Longans
A relative of the lychee, longans are native to China but now are grown in Hawaii and in Puerto Rico. Stock up on them this time of year because they are traditionally used to settle upset stomachs and reduce fevers, making them great natural flu remedies. Also known as “dragon’s eye,” it’s easy to see why—the fruits have a black seed centered in translucent white flesh—and they taste similar to a chewy grape. You can find Hawaii-grown longans in Asian markets nearly year-round. Store them in the refrigerator in a perforated plastic bag for a week or two. You can simply rinse, peel and seed longans to eat as snacks or add them to fruit salads and desserts.
Persimmons
A study in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that a persimmon a day could be better for your heart than an apple, because they contain significantly higher concentrations of dietary fiber, minerals and phenolic compounds that prevent atherosclerosis, a leading cause of heart disease, heart attacks and stroke. An added bonus: the antioxidants in persimmons can help control diabetes and the cell damage it causes. Their flavor and texture has been compared to plums or apricots, with spicy undertones, and you can use just the pulp or the entire fruit in puddings, pureed in ice creams, breads or cakes. Try them in savory dishes, too, like salsas, stir-fries and salads.
Asian Pears
Though their softer Bosc relatives are long gone by now, hard-when-ripe Asian pears are perfect for cold storage and easy to find in farmer’s markets and grocery stores this time of year. Asian pears have significantly more fiber than other pear varieties and are good for your heart. Select the most fragrant, unblemished Asian pears when shopping; a sweet scent is the best indication that the pears are ripe. They can be kept for up to a week at room temperature or up to three months in the refrigerator. Their sweet pear flavor and crunchy texture make Asian pears perfect additions to salads and are delicious grated into slaws. They work well in place of apples in recipes from holiday stuffings to baked dishes. Try sauteing them to serve alongside meat entrees.
Some Common Winter Fruits
Oranges
In general, look for plump oranges that are free of blemishes or bruises. As the season goes on, you may find different varieties of oranges popping up, such as Cara Cara and blood oranges. Both of these varieties are very sweet and have a darker flesh, ranging from pink in the Cara Cara to dark red in the blood orange.
Oranges are filled with vitamin C (a large orange has more than the daily recommended value), which may help smooth your skin. If you chose a blood orange, you’ll also be getting anthocyanins, a compound that turns the orange’s flesh red and is associated with helping to keep the heart healthy and the brain sharp.
Buy them in bulk (they may be cheaper in a bag than when sold individually) and store them in the refrigerator to extend their life by a couple of weeks.
Bananas
Though there are hundreds of varieties of bananas, the Cavendish is the variety most familiar to North Americans. Bananas are in season year-round and are different from other fruits because they can be picked while they are still green. If you do buy green bananas, wait until the skin ripens to a yellow and the starches convert to sugars.
Bananas are one of the best sources of potassium, which is associated with healthy blood pressure. Also, a medium banana is an excellent source of cell-building vitamin B6 and is a good source of vitamin C and fiber.
Though bananas are relatively economical–ripening bananas cost about 90¢ per pound–overripe bananas are often on sale for less. Even if banana peels have started to brown, the insides often remain sweet and ripe. Buy a bunch or two and peel the extras before placing them in the freezer. They will keep for several months and are excellent in banana bread and smoothies.
Pineapple
Avoid green pineapples–they are not ripe. A ripe pineapple should smell like a pineapple. There should be a golden color present–starting at the base–and the more yellow a pineapple is, the better it will taste throughout. Some people claim that pulling leaves easily from the top of a pineapple is an indication of ripeness, but this has not been proven. Your best bet is to go with color.
Pineapple is full of vitamin C, delivers a healthy dose of fiber and is an excellent source of manganese, a nutrient involved in bone formation. Though convenient, prepared pineapple chunks in the produce section may cost more per pound than a whole pineapple. Many markets though sell pineapple peeled for the same price as an unpeeled one.
Pomegranates
Color is not a good indicator of a ripe pomegranate. Instead, choose a fruit that feels heavy in your hand.
Pomegranate juice is rich in antioxidants, natural compounds found in plants that help protect the body from harmful free radicals. (Free radicals are compounds in the body that damage tissues and may contribute to a variety of chronic conditions, such as heart disease, Alzheimer’s and cancer). Although you don’t get as many antioxidants eating the seeds as drinking the juice, you will get fiber and abundant punicic acid, a polyunsaturated heart-healthy oil.
Pomegranates aren’t the cheapest fruit in the produce bin (about $2.50 each), but the good news is that one fruit goes a long way. Your best bet is to compare prices at competing stores and buy the cheapest you can find.
Grapefruit
Like oranges, select fruits that are free of blemishes and bruises. Buying grapefruit can be tricky–the skin color of the fruit is not always a reliable way to tell if the fruit is sweet inside. If the fruit is heavy in your hand, that may be a good indication of its juiciness. Grapefruits are high in vitamin C and are a good source of fiber. Studies have shown that the soluble fiber in grapefruit may even be beneficial in lowering cholesterol. Half a medium grapefruit has only 60 calories.
If you regularly buy organic, you may make an exception for grapefruit. According to the Environmental Working Group (a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization) it is a fruit that is less likely to be contaminated with pesticides.
Recipes Using Winter Fruits
Appetizer
Pears with Blue Cheese and Prosciutto
Makes 4 servings
Ingredients:
- 2 pears, each cored and sliced into 8 wedges
- 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice
- 3 ounces blue cheese cut into slices
- 6 ounces thinly sliced prosciutto cut in half lengthwise
- 1 cup arugula
Directions:
Roll up an arugula leaf, a piece of pear (lay on its side)and a piece of cheese in a slice of prosciutto. Repeat with the remaining pear slices.
First Course
Sicilian Fennel Salad with Oranges, Arugula, and Black Olives
Serves 4
In Sicily , this salad is traditionally prepared with chicory , a slightly peppery , tender-leafed green. Substitute with arugula if you can’t find chicory .
- 3 navel oranges
- 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 tablespoon red wine vinegar
- Salt
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 2 bunches trimmed arugula or chicory
- 2 cored, halved, trimmed medium fennel bulbs
- 1/4 cup oil-cured black olives
Directions:
Trim off and discard peel and all of the white pith from oranges, then slice crosswise into thin rounds and set aside. Mix together the extra-virgin olive oil and red wine vinegar in a large salad bowl, then season to taste with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Tear arugula into large pieces and arrange in the salad bowl. Slice fennel bulbs into long strips. Toss salad just before serving, adjust seasonings, then arrange orange slices and black olives on top.
Second Course
Braised Chicken with Kumquats and Green Olives
Serves 4-6
Ingredients:
- 3 lbs. chicken legs or thighs
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 medium onion, sliced into ¼ inch half-rounds
- 4 cloves of garlic, crushed
- 1 cup white wine
- 2 bay leaves
- 3 cups chicken broth
- 1 cup kumquats
- 1 cup green olives
- Salt and pepper
- Couscous, cooked according to package directions
Directions:
Rinse and pat the chicken dry with paper towels and season with salt and pepper. Heat olive oil in a large pan with a cover over medium heat. Add chicken and cook, turning occasionally , for about 15 minutes, or until evenly browned. Transfer chicken to a plate.
Add onion and garlic to pan and saute over medium heat until transparent. Add wine and bay leaves and reduce over high heat until syrupy . Return the chicken to the saucepan, skin side up and add enough chicken broth to cover 2/3 of the chicken. Tuck the kumquats and olives into the broth, reduce heat to medium-low, and simmer, covered, until the sauce is thickened and the chicken is cooked through and tender, about 40 minutes. Add salt and pepper to taste. Spoon over couscous and serve.
Side Dish
Baked Applesauce
Makes 12 servings.
Ingredients:
- 4 lbs. (about 10 medium) assorted apples, such as McCoun, MacIntosh, Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Jonagold or HoneyCrisp, peeled, cored and quartered
- 1/3 cup fresh apple cider
- 4 lemon slices, paper-thin, or 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
- 1 (3-inch) piece stick cinnamon, or 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon, optional
- 2 tablespoons sugar, agave syrup, or honey, optional
Directions:
Preheat oven to 375 degrees F.
Place apples, cider and lemon slices or juice in large Dutch oven or heavy casserole with a cover. Toss apples to coat them with lemon. If using, add cinnamon stick or sprinkle on cinnamon and sweetener and toss again.
Bake apples, covered, for 60 to 75 minutes, until very soft and moist. Stir to combine soft apples and liquid into applesauce. If mixture is too thin, bake the applesauce, uncovered, for 15 minutes longer. Cool to room temperature before serving. Applesauce thickens as it cools. The applesauce keeps, covered in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
Dessert
Orange-Scented Olive Oil Cake
Serves 12
Ingredients:
- 2 oranges
- 2 1/3 cups sugar or 1 cup plus 2 ½ tablespoons sugar alternative, such as Truvia or Domino Light
- Cooking Spray
- 2 1 ⁄2 cups flour, plus more for dusting baking pan
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 4 eggs
- 6 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 ⁄4 cup fresh orange juice
- 1 ⁄4 cup confectioners’ sugar
- Sugar crystals for garnish, optional
Directions:
Trim about 1/2″ from the tops and bottoms of the oranges; quarter oranges lengthwise.
Put oranges, 1 cup of the sugar or 1/2 cup of the sugar alternative and 4 cups water into a 4-quart saucepan over medium-high heat. Bring to a boil, lower heat and cook, stirring often, until sugar dissolves and orange rind can be easily pierced with a fork, about 30 minutes.
Remove pan from heat and let cool to room temperature.
Heat oven to 350°F. Spray a 10″ round cake pan with cooking spray and dust with flour; line pan bottom with parchment paper cut to fit. Set pan aside.
Whisk together the flour, baking powder and baking soda in a medium bowl and set aside. Remove orange quarters from syrup, remove and discard any seeds, and put oranges into the bowl of a food processor. Pulse until oranges form a chunky purée, 10–12 pulses. Add remaining sugar, reserved flour mixture, vanilla, and eggs and process until incorporated, about 2 minutes. Add olive oil; process until combined. Pour batter into prepared pan; bake until a toothpick inserted in center comes out clean, 40–45 minutes. Let cool for 30 minutes.
In a small bowl, whisk orange juice and confectioners’ sugar to make a thin glaze. Remove cake from the pan and transfer to a cake stand or plate. Using a pastry brush, brush orange glaze over top and sides of cake; let cool completely . Garnish cake with sugar crystals, if desired..
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Calabria is one of the oldest regions of Italy with the first evidence of human presence in the region dating as far back as 700,000 years BC. Around 3,500 BC, the first villages in Calabria were settled. By the eighth century BC, the Greeks had control over the region and, in the second century BC, Calabria was conquered by the Romans. After the fall of the Roman Empire the region was conquered by the Goths, the Byzantines and later the Longobards. It wouldn’t be until 1860 that Calabria would consolidate and became part of the larger region of Italy.
Medieval Ruins
Calabria’s economy is based mainly on agriculture. Chief agricultural products include olive oil, onions, mushrooms, wheat and other cereal grains, wine, eggplant, figs, chestnuts and citrus fruit. Calabria is the largest producer of bergamot oranges in Italy. The rinds of bergamot oranges are used to manufacture perfumes, teas, and other aromatic creations. Despite its small size and low population, Calabria is responsible for producing a third of all the olive oil produced in Italy.
Calabrian Hillsides
Calabria is fortunate to have a great deal of forested land and, as a result, most industry is developed around construction and building. Textile, clothing and chemical industries are also present in the region. A substantial portion of the region’s economic resources stem from the production and sale of handicrafts by individuals and very small family businesses. Tourism, which is increasing, also plays a major part in the Calabrian economy and is the motive behind some of the region’s most recent technological advancements.
It is a place of contrasts, with high mountain villages seemingly built on the sides of mountains in the interior to red roofed villas on the coast, clustered around an ancient castle or church. Calabria hosts several world class seaside resorts, as well as, mountaintop resorts dedicated to winter sports. Tourists also enjoy watching local artisans produce any number of handicrafts, with pottery and ceramics being the most common.
The Food of Calabria
Bergamot Fruits From Calabria
Calabrians use the mountainous area covering most of the region to raise hill-loving pigs, goats and sheep and comb the woods for chestnuts, acorns and wild mushrooms to add rustic flavors to their cooking. Adventurous fishermen have little trouble finding swordfish, cod, sardines, and shellfish. The inland freshwater lakes and streams offer trout in abundance.
Most of the cuisine of Calabria is heavily influenced by the Mediterranean and is often spicy. Pasta dishes with peppers, onions and sausage sauteed with or without sauce are very common. Frittatas made with pasta and sausage are also prevalent. Eggplant is a favorite dish in the region and is served in a variety of ways.
Due to the humid climate and the high risk of rapid molding and spoilage, food preservation is important. Oiling, salting, curing and smoking – almost all of the area’s food products can be found preserved in some form or another. Calabria’s many varieties of cured meats and sausages are served alongside fresh produce. The local pancetta pairs perfectly with summer melons.
Calabrians do their best to utilize the entire animal letting nothing go to waste. The spicy-hot tang of nduja (also known as ‘ndugghi) is a singularly unusual flavor, made from pig’s fat and organ meats and mixed with liberal amounts of pepperoncinis. This salami-style delicacy (left alone to cure for an entire year) is a testament to the Calabrian patience of waiting until foods have reached their perfection before eating. Other salamis such as Capicola Calabrese and Sopressata di Calabria also come from the region and are served alongside local breads and cheeses.
Breads, cheeses and pastas are all important to Calabrian cooking.
Pane del Pescatore is a local bread specialty made with eggs and dried fruits. Focaccia and pita breads are popular in the region, reflecting the Greek and Arabic flatbread influences. Similarly, special pastries and dessert breads take on a Greek flavor with many being fried and dipped in honey.
Cheeses lean toward the goat and/or sheep milk varieties, though cow’s milk cheeses are becoming more common. Sciungata (a sheep’s milk cheese similar to ricotta), ricotta calabrese (a ricotta with the addition of milk and salt), butirro (a buttery cow’s milk cheese) and the prized, caciocavallo silano, a cow’s milk cheese hung to dry thus developing its signature teardrop shape, are just a few of the cheeses found on the Calabrian table.
Calabrian pastas are hearty and varied, with the names of some of the more creative cuts like ricci di donna ( “curls of the lady”) and capieddi ‘e prieviti ( “hairs of the priest”) belying a whimsical spirit of the region’s people. Fusilli is a common pasta component in Calabrian dishes, as are Scilateddri, Lagane, Cavateddri and Maccheroni.
Make Some Calabrian Inspired Recipes At Home
Antipasto Course
Calabrian Eggplant
Serve with Italian Bread
Serves 4 to 6 people
Ingredients
- 2 large eggplants, peeled and cut into slices
- 2 tablespoons salt
- 2 roasted chili peppers, packed in oil, minced
- 3 cloves of garlic, finely chopped
- 1/4 cup of fresh oregano, minced or 1 tablespoon dried
- 3 tablespoons of white vinegar
- 1/4 cup of extra virgin olive oil
- Fresh ground black pepper to taste
Directions
Cut the eggplant slices into one inch strips and place in a bowl.
Salt the fresh cut eggplant and let it set for an 1 hour.
Rinse the eggplant thoroughly under cold water.
In a large pot of boiling water, cook the eggplant for 4 to 5 minutes until tender. Drain.
Lay the eggplant out on a towel to dry.
In a medium size bowl, whisk together the olive oil, vinegar, chili peppers, garlic, oregano and pepper.
Lay the eggplant out on a plate and drizzle some of the oil mixture on top.
Place another layer on top and repeat until all the eggplant is used.
Refrigerate for 4 to 6 hours and serve chilled.
First Course
Pasta with Sardines
4-6 servings
Ingredients:
- Salt
- 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
- 1/2 cup bread crumbs, made from stale bread
- 1 onion, chopped
- 1 garlic clove, minced
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 1 pound long, thick pasta, like perciatelli or bucatini
- 1 teaspoon grated lemon zest
- 2 tablespoons drained capers
- 2 cans of sardines packed in extra virgin olive oil, undrained, (or 1/2 pound fresh, boned)
- 1/2 cup chopped fresh parsley, plus more for garnish.
Directions
Bring a large pot of water to a boil and salt it. Add the pasta to the boiling water and cook until al dente; drain, reserving 1/2 cup of the cooking liquid.
Put 1 tablespoon oil in a large skillet over medium heat. When it’s hot, add the breadcrumbs and cook, stirring frequently, until golden and fragrant, less than 5 minutes, and then remove.
Add the remaining oil and the onion and garlic to the pan, sprinkle with salt and pepper, and cook, stirring occasionally, until softened, about 5 minutes.
Turn the heat under the onions to medium-high and add the lemon zest, capers and sardines with the oil the fish was packed in; cook, stirring occasionally, until just heated through, about 2 minutes.
Add the pasta to the sardine mixture and toss well to combine. Add the parsley, most of the bread crumbs and the reserved pasta water to moisten. Taste and adjust seasoning, garnish with parsley and remaining bread crumbs.
Second Course
Lamb Chops Calabria Style with Tomatoes, Peppers, and Olives
Serves 4
- 1 large red bell pepper, cut into bite-size chunks
- 8 lamb chops, each about 1″ thick
- Sea salt
- 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1/2 cup chopped onion
- 2 cups Italian chopped tomatoes, such as Pomi
- 3 tablespoons Italian flat-leaf parsley, chopped
- 1/4 cup green olives in brine, pitted and coarsely cut up
- freshly ground black pepper
Directions:
Cut each pepper lengthwise, remove the stem, seeds, and core. Cut into approximately 1 1/2″ squares.
Salt lamb chops on both sides. Pour olive oil into a 12″ skillet over medium-high heat. When hot, add lamb chops. Brown thoroughly on one side, turn, and brown thoroughly on the other side (cook to your liking). Remove from the pan to a plate (cover with foil).
Add chopped onion to the pan and cook over medium heat, stirring frequently, until it becomes soft and golden. Add the tomatoes, stirring occasionally, and cook for 5 minutes. Add the peppers, parsley, olives, salt and black pepper.
Turn the heat down to medium. Cook, stirring occasionally, for about 8 minutes, until the peppers are tender but firm.
Sprinkle the chops with freshly ground pepper and put them into the pan with the sauce. Turn the chops over several times to coat them well and after a minute or so turn the full contents of the skillet onto a warm platter and serve.
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- Calabria: Time Will Tell (acevola.blogspot.com)
- Completing The Map of Calabria (relijournal.com)
- A stellar Italian food experience in Calabria (acevola.blogspot.com)
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Party Tips
The Super Bowl has grown over the years to be so much more than just a championship game. You may not have tickets to the game, but look on the bright side — unlike the fans in the stadium — you’ll be able to see all the cool new multi-million-dollar commercials that debut during the game! Throwing a successful Super Bowl party can be a breeze with some easy planning, so you can ensure that your guests have a good time and you don’t miss a second of the big game.
Make sure you have plenty of comfortable seating in the television viewing area, as well as, things like snack trays, paper towels and napkins and even card tables for putting out snacks. Move breakables to another room so that nothing gets knocked over when all the jumping and shouting begins. Consider protecting surfaces with tablecloths or runners—you can’t expect screaming fans to remember to use a coaster!
Beer and football go hand-in-hand. Make sure the party is stocked with beverages from beers to soft drinks. Also, take into account that many avid football fans get glued to the television and sometimes won’t leave the couch at any cost. Consider placing a cooler in the living room, so they don’t have to make repeated trips to the refrigerator. So important, yet so often forgotten, make sure to grab a few bags of ice from the supermarket, particularly if you’re going to keep beverages in a cooler. Nothing can ruin a Super Bowl party faster than a lukewarm beer.
This party shouldn’t be fancy. Finger foods are the key and give your guests plenty of options, like crackers, dips, salsas and a make-your-own-sandwich tray with cold cuts and cheeses. Your chips need to be accessible to a lot of hands grabbing for them at once. Pick up some big, cheap plastic bowls. Football is a long game and your guests aren’t going to get tired of eating. Consider using a crock pot to keep queso and dips soft for hours, rather than letting them harden up. Make sure to make up a vegetable platter, too. Party foods can be really delicious without being loaded with fat.
It is almost guaranteed that there will be people at your party, who haven’t watched a game all year. If you know that some guests couldn’t care less about the game, set aside an area just for them. If you have an extra TV, set it up in your dining room for viewing other programs and serve drinks and snacks there as well. Consider running a “Sex and the City” marathon or episodes of the “Real Housewives” series in anticipation of the event. That way, guests can wander in and out to chat and check out what’s going on in the different rooms—and everyone will have a good time!
Sample Party Menu
Snacks
Sweet and Smoky Nuts
Chips with Creamy Salsa Dip
Chipotle Kettle Corn
Vegetable Tray and Four-Onion Dip
Cheese and Cracker Tray
Half Time Entrees
Stuffed Sausage Sliders
Spicy Chicken with Cucumber Yogurt Sauce
Italian Focaccia Sandwiches
Breaded Eggplant Sandwiches
Drinks
Beer
Red & White Wine
Non-Alcoholic Drink Options
Dessert
Chocolate Chunk Cookies
Recipes
Sweet and Smoky Nuts
Pour the crunchy nut snack into paper cones for mess-free single servings that look more sophisticated than a generic snack bowl.
Makes: 16 servings; 4 cups
Serving size: ¼ cup
Ingredients:
- 1 egg white
- 1 cup dry-roasted peanuts
- 1 cup whole almonds or hazelnuts (filberts)
- 1 cup pecan or walnut halves
- 1/3 cup packed brown sugar
- 1 ½ teaspoons smoked paprika
- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/4 teaspoon ground allspice
Directions:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Line a 15 x 10 x 1-inch baking pan with foil or parchment paper. Set aside.
In a large bowl whisk egg white until foamy. Add peanuts, almonds, and pecans; toss gently to coat. Stir in brown sugar, paprika, salt, cinnamon, and allspice. Spread nuts in an even layer in the prepared baking pan.
Bake for 25 to 30 minutes or until nuts are toasted and appear dry, stirring twice. Remove from oven and stir again. Cool completely in baking pan. Break up any large clusters.
MAKE-AHEAD DIRECTIONS:
Store in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 2 weeks.
Chipotle Kettle Corn
Yield: 16 cups
Ingredients:
- 1 cup sugar
- 2 teaspoons salt
- 2 teaspoons ground cumin
- 1 teaspoon ground chipotle chile pepper
- 1/3 cup canola oil
- 2/3 cup popcorn kernels
Directions:
In a small bowl combine sugar, salt, cumin and chipotle pepper. Heat the oil in an 8-quart pan over medium-high heat. Add the popcorn and cook, shaking occasionally, 2 minutes. Add 1/2 cup of the sugar mixture. Cover and cook, shaking often, until popcorn begins to pop. Once popcorn begins to pop, shake continuously until the popping slows. Immediately remove from the heat and carefully pour into a large bowl (popcorn will be very hot).
Place remaining sugar mixture in a shaker jar. Sprinkle some on the popped corn and pass remaining. Makes 16 cups.
Microwave version:
Prepare sugar mixture as above. One at a time, pop two 3.3-ounce bags microwave kettle corn. Immediately after popping pour into a very large bowl and toss with 2 tablespoons of the sugar mixture. Repeat with remaining bag of popcorn and 2 more tablespoons of sugar mixture. Pass remaining sugar mixture as above. Makes 20 (1-cup) servings.
Creamy Salsa Dip
Serve with Chips
Ingredients:
- one 8-ounce block reduced fat cream cheese
- 1 cup jarred salsa
- 1 cup grated sharp cheddar cheese
Directions:
Combine the cream cheese, cheddar and salsa in a microwave-safe bowl, or in a saucepan. Heat in the microwave (covered), or over low heat over a burner, until the cheese is soft and the salsa has started to bubble a bit.
Remove from the heat, and stir until well combined. Store in the refrigerator (covered once it’s cool) until ready to serve.
Four-Onion Dip
Serve with raw vegetables for dippers.
Ingredients:
- 2 tablespoons dehydrated minced onion
- 2 tablespoons water
- 1/2 cup light sour cream
- 1/4 cup fat-free plain yogurt
- 1 medium green onion (green and white parts), chopped
- 2 tablespoons grated sweet onion, such as Vidalia
- 2 tablespoons shredded carrot
- 2 tablespoons light mayonnaise
- 1 tablespoon salt-free onion-and-herb seasoning blend, such as Mrs. Dash
- 1/2 teaspoon sugar
- 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon red hot-pepper sauce
- 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
Directions:
In a small bowl, stir together the dehydrated onion and water. Let stand for 5 minutes.
Meanwhile, in a medium bowl, stir together the remaining ingredients. Stir in the rehydrated onion. Let stand for 10 minutes. Serve at room temperature or cover and refrigerate for up to two days. The dip will thicken during the refrigeration time.
Stuffed Sausage Sliders
16 servings
Ingredients:
- 1 small apple
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 1 ½ teaspoons cracked black pepper
- 1 teaspoon fennel seeds, crushed
- 3/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon dried thyme, crushed
- 1/8 teaspoon grated nutmeg
- 2 pounds lean ground pork
- 3/4 cup shredded white cheddar cheese or smoked provolone cheese (2 to 3 ounces)
- 16-2 inches buns, rolls, or biscuits, sliced in half
- Toppings: Sliced onion, thin slices of apple, coleslaw, mustard sauce
Directions:
Peel and shred enough of the apple to measure 1/3 cup. In a large bowl combine the 1/3 cup apple, oil, garlic, pepper, fennel seeds, salt, thyme, and nutmeg. Add ground pork; mix well.
Shape a scant 1/4 cup pork mixture into a ball and use your finger to make a deep indentation in top. Fill indentation with 2 teaspoons cheese; press pork mixture to enclose filling. Reshape pork mixture into a ball and flatten into a 2 1/2-inch-diameter patty. Place on a baking sheet. Repeat with remaining pork mixture and cheese. Cover and chill for 1 to 4 hours.
Preheat broiler. Remove patties from the refrigerator. Place patties on the unheated rack of a greased broiler pan. Broil 3 to 4 inches from the heat for 9 to 11 minutes or until patties are done (160 degrees F), turning patties once halfway through broiling.
Serve patties on slider buns and let guests add the condiments.
Spicy Chicken with Cucumber Yogurt Sauce
8 to 12 servings
Ingredients
- 1 ½ cups plain yogurt
- 2 tablespoons grated fresh ginger
- 3 cloves garlic, minced
- 2 teaspoons curry powder
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon paprika
- 3/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 4 pounds chicken wings and/or small chicken drumsticks
- Fresh Mint (optional)
- Cucumber Yogurt Sauce, recipe below
Directions:
Combine the yogurt, ginger, garlic, curry, salt, paprika, cinnamon and cayenne in a bowl; let stand 15 minutes, stirring occasionally.
If using chicken wings cut each wing into two portions at the first joint. Place wings and/or drumsticks into a 2-gallon resealable plastic bag set in a shallow dish; pour on yogurt mixture. Seal and chill 6 to 24 hours, turning bag occasionally.
Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Drain chicken from marinade; discard marinade. Line two 15 x 10 x 1-inch baking pans with foil; lightly coat with nonstick cooking spray. Arrange chicken in prepared pans (if using both drumsticks and wings, place them on separate pans. Bake small drumsticks for 35 minutes; bake chicken wings 25 minutes or until chicken is cooked through (170 degrees F). Cool chicken slightly. Transfer to storage containers; cover and chill overnight.
To serve:
Remove chicken from the refrigerator about 45 minutes before serving.
Preheat broiler. Broil directly on a greased pan 5-6 inches from the heat for 10 to 15 minutes or until heated through, turning once. Transfer chicken to platter; top with mint. Serve with Cucumber Yogurt Sauce.
Cucumber Yogurt Sauce
Ingredients
- 2-6 ounce cartons plain yogurt
- 1 large cucumber, shredded and well-drained
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cumin
- 2 tablespoons fresh basil or mint
- Curry powder
Directions:
In a medium bowl combine yogurt, cucumber, garlic, salt, ground cumin and fresh basil or mint; mix well. Refrigerate 1 to 4 hours before serving. Sprinkle lightly with curry powder before serving.
Italian Focaccia Sandwiches
8 servings
Ingredients
- 1-6 ounce jar quartered marinated artichoke hearts
- 1/4 cup jarred roasted red sweet peppers
- 2 tablespoons chopped pitted ripe olives
- 1 12-inch round Italian flatbread (focaccia)
- 4 ounces thinly sliced capicola*
- 4 ounces thinly sliced salami*
- 2 ounces thinly sliced mortadella or ham*
- 4 ounces thinly sliced provolone
Directions
The day before:
Drain artichoke hearts and roasted peppers; pat dry with paper towels. Coarsely chop artichokes and roasted peppers; pat dry again. In a small bowl combine artichokes, roasted peppers and olives; set aside.
Cut focaccia in half horizontally. Layer the bottom with capicola, salami and mortadella. Spoon artichoke mixture over meat; top with cheese. Replace top of focaccia. Tightly wrap sandwich in foil and chill overnight.
Party day:
Bring sandwiches to room temperature and cut into eight wedges.
*Applegate Farms makes healthy cold cuts.
Vegetarian Option: Breaded Eggplant Sandwiches
6 servings.
Ingredients:
- 1/4 cup minced fresh basil
- 2 teaspoons olive oil
- 1/4 teaspoon dried oregano
- 1/4 teaspoon pepper
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- 2 egg whites, lightly beaten
- 1 cup Italian seasoned bread crumbs
- 1 medium eggplant, peel if desired
- 2 large tomatoes
- 1-1/2 cups (6 ounces) shredded part-skim mozzarella cheese
- 2 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
- 12 slices Italian bread (1/2 inch thick), toasted
Directions:
Combine the basil, oil, oregano, pepper and salt; set aside. Place egg whites and bread crumbs each in separate shallow bowls.
Cut eggplant lengthwise into six slices. Dip slices in egg whites; then coat in crumbs.
Place on a baking sheet coated with cooking spray. Bake at 375° F. for 20-25 minutes or until tender and golden brown, turning once.
Cut each tomato into six slices; place two slices on each eggplant slice. Spoon reserved basil mixture over tomatoes and sprinkle with cheeses.
Bake for 3-5 minutes or until cheese is melted.
Place each eggplant stack on a slice of bread and top with remaining bread.
Non-Alcoholic Honey-Ginger Limeade
8 servings
ingredients
- 3 cups water
- 1/2 cup finely chopped fresh ginger
- 2-3-inch strips lime peel
- 1/2 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/2 cup honey
- 1 ½ cups fresh lime juice, reserve lime halves
- 1 fresh jalapeno chile pepper, seeded and thinly sliced (optional)
- 1 liter bottle sparkling water, chilled
- Ice cubes
- Lime wedges
- Fresh ginger slices
Directions:
In a small saucepan combine 2 cups of the water and the finely chopped ginger. Bring to boiling; reduce heat. Boil gently, uncovered, for 3 minutes. Remove from heat; stir in lime peel. Cover and let stand for 15 minutes. Strain into a pitcher; discard solids.
Add brown sugar and honey to ginger liquid in pitcher, stirring to dissolve sugar. Stir in lime juice, jalapeno pepper (if desired), and the remaining 1 cup water. Cover and chill for at least 2 hours (up to 3 days).
Before serving, add the reserved squeezed lime halves to pitcher. Slowly pour sparkling water into ginger liquid in pitcher; stir gently to mix. Serve in brown sugar-rimmed glasses over ice cubes. Garnish with lime wedges and ginger slices.
Chocolate Chunk Cookies
You may need to double this recipe, depending on the number of guests you are planning to serve.
Ingredients:
• 3 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
• 1/2 cup packed light brown sugar
• 1/4 cup granulated sugar
• 2 tablespoons canola oil
• 1 large egg, lightly beaten
• 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
• 1/2 cup all-purpose flour
• 1/2 cup whole-wheat pastry flour or whole-wheat flour
• 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
• 1/4 teaspoon. salt
• 3 ounces dark chocolate (60% to 70% cocoa), chopped into chunks or chips
Directions:
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. In the large electric mixer bowl, beat the butter and sugars until combined. Add the oil and egg and beat until creamy. Stir in the vanilla.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flours, baking soda and salt. Add the flour mixture to the butter mixture and mix well. Gently fold in the chocolate.
Scoop rounded tablespoons of the dough onto the prepared cookie sheets, leaving at least 1½ inches between cookies to allow for spreading. Bake until the cookies are just set, about 12 minutes. Transfer the cookies on parchment to a rack and allow to cool. The cookies will crisp as they cool. Store at room temperature in an airtight container, where they will keep for up to 4 days.
Yield: about 20 cookies
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- Super Bowl and Other Party Ideas!!!! (amirakalmarketing.wordpress.com)
- http://www.foodiefriendsfridaydailydish.com/superbowl-football-party-recipes-2/
- http://apumpkinandaprincess.com/2012/02/10-super-bowl-party-ideas.html
- http://www.allyou.com/food/celebrations/super-bowl-recipes-00400000047723/
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Hit the market and it sure seems like everyone is cooking for a crowd. Everything seems to be in such large packages.
In reality, there are a lot more folks cooking for one or two than you might think. There are, of course, those seniors and empty nesters but there are also the newlyweds, the college kids, the single parent and child and other young professionals.
It does take a bit of organization to make cooking for two a pleasurable experience. With some organization, you won’t find yourself eating goulash leftovers for an entire week.
Here are some organizing ideas for cooking for just two.
- Purchase a supply of freezer bags, plastic wrap, foil, freezer dishes, freezer labels and a permanent marker. This way you can be prepared for those too-large-for-you portions.
- Sure you think you’ll remember but, once frozen, it is often hard to tell which dish is which. Use your marker to write on the foil or bag or use stick on labels. Adding the cooking temperature and time will save you from looking it up later.
- Perhaps your recipe needs only half of a can. Place the remaining half of the can in a small freezer bag or container, label and freeze for another day or use.
- Most recipes seem to serve four, six or eight. However, you don’t need to divide the recipe in two. This often results in less than satisfactory results. Instead, prepare the dish but divide it in two. Have half for dinner and place half in the freezer.
- Individual casserole dishes are a great gift for you. Dishes, such as lasagna, chicken tetrazzini and tuna casserole, can be prepared and divided among small casseroles. Freeze the extras and pull out one or two, as needed, on a busy night.
- Shop in smaller quantities. When cooking for two, the big box discount stores are probably not your friend. You’ll surely tire of the five pounds of anything before it is consumed. You might think you are saving money but, if you end up wasting some of what you bought, then you haven’t saved anything.
- Continue to buy the meat you enjoy but divide the package into smaller portions and place some in the freezer. When buying something larger, like a roast, you can ask at the meat counter for them to split into two pieces for you.
- Purchase frozen vegetables in plastic bags. This allows you to pour out just the right serving for two and reseal the bag to preserve the rest.
- For dry goods, such as pastas, beans and rice, use what you need and then reseal the container. Sometimes, you can just place the entire box in a quart or gallon plastic bag and zip it shut to keep it fresh.
- Desserts for two pose a special challenge. While you can make a whole cake or pie, you might not want to be tempted by having the entire cake on that kitchen counter. Turn that cake recipe into cupcakes, freezing some of them. Turn the pie recipe into tarts. Look for dessert mixes that make an 8 x 8-inch size pan rather than a 9 x 13-inch pan. When making desserts, such as brownies or cookies, divide them into individual portions and wrap them separately.
- When making a casserole that calls for half-cup of green pepper or a few ribs of celery, head to the salad bar. Instead of an entire head of celery going bad in the refrigerator drawer, you can scoop up just the portion you need.
- If you have trouble using fresh produce before it can go bad, try some of the fresh produce bags, sometimes marketed as “green” bags. These extend the life of produce.
Here are some menus to get you started and these recipes are designed for two.
Menu One
Seared Scallops with Mint Pesto
2 Servings
Serving Size: 3 scallops, 1/4 cup pesto, 1/2 cup spinach
Ingredients:
- 1/3 cup lightly packed fresh mint
- 1/4 cup lightly packed fresh flat-leaf parsley
- 2 tablespoons almonds, toasted and chopped
- 2 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
- 2 tablespoons water
- 1 tablespoon lemon juice
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper
- 6 sea scallops (8 to 10 ounces total)
- 1 teaspoon olive oil
- 1 cup fresh spinach
Directions:
For pesto::
In a food processor, combine mint, parsley, almonds, Parmesan cheese, the water, lemon juice, garlic, 1/8 teaspoon of the salt, and 1/8 teaspoon of the pepper. Cover and process until nearly smooth. Set aside.
Rinse scallops and pat dry with paper towels. Sprinkle scallops with the remaining 1/8 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper. In a large nonstick skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add scallops; cook for 5 to 6 minutes or until scallops are opaque, turning once halfway through cooking.
Serve scallops and pesto over spinach.
Roasted Beets and Shallots
2 servings
Ingredients:
- 6 ounces trimmed red and/or yellow small beets, quartered
- 2 small shallots, chopped
- 2 teaspoons olive oil
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- Dash ground black pepper
- 2 teaspoons lemon juice
- 1 teaspoon snipped fresh sage or tarragon
Directions:
Preheat oven to 425 degrees F. Arrange beets and shallots in a single layer in a 2-quart square baking dish. Drizzle with oil; toss to coat. Sprinkle with salt and pepper.
Cover with foil and roast for 20 minutes. Uncover and roast for 10 to 15 minutes more or until beets are tender. Cool completely. Peel the beets. Drizzle beets and shallots with lemon juice; sprinkle with sage.
Apple-Cranberry Cobbler
2 servings
Ingredients:
- Nonstick cooking spray
- 2 small apples (such as Granny Smith, Braeburn, or Honeycrisp), cored, quartered, and thinly sliced (1-1/2 cups)
- 2 tablespoons dried cranberries
- 1 tablespoon honey
- 1 tablespoon water
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 2 tablespoons low-fat granola without raisins
Directions:
Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Coat two 6-ounce custard cups or other 6-ounce oven-safe dishes with nonstick spray; set aside. In a medium bowl, stir together apple slices, cranberries, honey, the water, vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmeg. Divide mixture between prepared custard cups. Cover cups with foil.
Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until apples are tender. Remove foil and top with granola. Bake, uncovered, about 5 minutes more or until granola is lightly browned.
Menu Two
Grilled Fish with Pepper Salsa
2 Servings
Serving Size: 1 fish steak and 2/3 cup salsa each
Ingredients:
- 2-5 ounce fresh or frozen fish steaks, cut 3/4- to 1-inch thick
- 1/2 teaspoon fennel seeds, crushed
- 1/2 teaspoon finely shredded lemon zest
- 2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- 3/4 cup chopped, seeded tomato
- 1/2 cup chopped yellow or orange bell pepper
- 1 scallion, thinly sliced
- 2 teaspoons snipped fresh mint
- Lemon wedges
Directions
Thaw fish, if frozen. Rinse fish; pat dry with paper towels. Place fish in a large resealable plastic bag set in a shallow dish.
In a small bowl, combine crushed fennel seeds, the lemon zest, lemon juice, oil, 1/8 teaspoon of the crushed red pepper and the salt. Pour over fish in bag; turn to coat fish. Seal bag. Marinate in the refrigerator for 30 to 60 minutes, turning bag occasionally.
Meanwhile, for salsa:
In a small bowl, combine tomato, bell pepper, green onion, mint, and the remaining 1/8 teaspoon crushed red pepper. Set aside.
Drain fish, discarding marinade. For a charcoal grill, grill fish on the greased rack of an uncovered grill directly over medium coals for 6 to 10 minutes or until fish flakes easily when tested with a fork, gently turning once halfway through grilling.
For a gas grill, preheat grill . Reduce heat to medium. Place fish on greased grill rack over heat. Cover and grill as above.
You can also use a preheated stove top grill or grill pan; follow directions above.
Serve fish topped with salsa mixture and lemon wedges.
Quinoa
2 Servings
Serving Size 2/3 cup
Ingredients:
- 1/4 cup quinoa, rinsed well and drained
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1 teaspoon olive oil
- 3/4 cup reduced-sodium chicken broth
- 1/3 cup chopped seeded cucumber
- 1 large green onion, thinly sliced, or 3 tablespoons snipped fresh chives
- 2 tablespoons snipped fresh basil
Directions:
In a small nonstick saucepan, cook quinoa and garlic in hot oil over medium heat for 3 minutes, stirring frequently.
Add broth. Bring to boiling; reduce heat. Cover and simmer for 15 to 20 minutes or until the liquid is absorbed and the quinoa is tender. Remove from heat. Stir in cucumber, green onion, and snipped basil.
Berry Cheesecake Dessert
2 servings
Ingredients:
- 1/4 cup fat-free cream cheese
- 1/4 cup skim ricotta cheese
- 4 ½ teaspoons sugar
- 1/4 teaspoon finely shredded orange peel
- 2 teaspoons orange juice
- 1 ½ cups sliced strawberries, raspberries, and/or blueberries
- 2 gingersnaps or chocolate wafers, broken
Directions:
In a blender container or food processor bowl combine cream cheese, ricotta cheese, sugar, orange peel and orange juice. Cover and blend or process until smooth. Transfer to a small bowl; cover and refrigerate for 4 to 24 hours.
To serve, spoon the fruit into two dessert dishes. Top with the cream cheese mixture and sprinkle with the broken cookies
Menu Three
Wine-Glazed Steak
2 servings
Ingredients:
- 1 boneless beef top sirloin steak, cut 1/2 to 3/4 inch thick (8 to 10 ounces total)
- 2 teaspoons olive oil
- 1 cup sliced fresh mushrooms
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/8 teaspoon crushed red pepper
- 1/4 cup dry red wine
- 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
- 1 tablespoon reduced-sodium soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon honey
Directions:
Trim fat from steak; cut steak into two equal portions. In a medium skillet, heat oil over medium-high heat. Add steaks. Reduce heat to medium; cook for 10 to 13 minutes or until desired temperature (145 degrees F for medium-rare or 160 degrees F. for medium), turning steaks occasionally. If steaks brown too quickly, reduce heat to medium-low. Transfer steaks two dinner plates; keep warm.
Add mushrooms, garlic, and crushed red pepper to skillet; cook and stir for 2 minutes. Remove skillet from heat. Carefully add wine. Return to heat. Boil gently, uncovered, for 3 to 5 minutes or until most of the liquid is evaporated. Add balsamic vinegar, soy sauce, and honey; return to simmering. Cook and stir about 2 minutes or until slightly thickened. Spoon over steaks.
Roasted Carrots
2 Servings
Ingredients:
- 6-8 slender carrots, trimmed, scrubbed
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 teaspoon finely grated orange peel
- 3 tablespoons fresh orange juice
- 1 tablespoons honey
- Sea salt and freshly cracked black pepper
Directions:
Preheat oven to 400°F. Arrange carrots in single layer in a small baking pan. Add olive oil and orange peel; sprinkle with salt and pepper and toss. Pour orange juice over; cover tightly with foil. Roast until crisp-tender, about 20 minutes. Remove foil. Increase oven to 450°F. Drizzle honey over carrots. Roast uncovered until carrots are tender and browned in spots, about 10 minutes longer. Divide carrots and transfer them and any juices to the dinner plates with the steak.
Cucumber Radish Slaw
2 Servings
Serving Size: 3/4 cup
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon cider vinegar
- 1/2 teaspoon olive oil
- 1/4 teaspoon sugar or sugar substitute equivalent to 1/4 teaspoon sugar
- Dash salt
- Dash ground black pepper
- 1/4 of a medium English cucumber, thinly sliced (1 cup)
- 1/2 cup radishes, trimmed and thinly sliced
- 1/4 of a medium red bell pepper, seeded and thinly sliced
- 1 tablespoon finely chopped green onion
Directions:
1. In a medium bowl, whisk together vinegar, olive oil, sugar, salt, and black pepper. Add cucumber, radishes, sweet pepper, and green onion. Toss to coat. Serve immediately or cover and chill for up to 2 hours.
Roasted Mangoes with Brown Sugar Topping
2 servings
Ingredients:
- 1 medium ripe mango, halved lengthwise and pitted
- 1 tablespoons brown sugar
- 1 tablespoons flaked coconut
- 1 teaspoons finely shredded orange peel
- 1 teaspoons finely chopped crystallized ginger
Directions:
Place mango halves in a small baking dish. Combine brown sugar, coconut, orange peel, and crystallized ginger in a small mixing bowl. Sprinkle over mango halves.
Bake in a 425 degree F. oven about 10 minutes or until mangoes are hot, and topping just begins to brown.
Vegetarian Entree Option
Substitute this entree for any of the entrees above.
Spicy Black Bean Burgers
2 Servings
Ingredients:
- 1 15- to 16-ounce can black beans, rinsed, drained
- 1/3 cup chopped red onion
- 1/3 cup dry bread crumbs
- 1/4 cup grated carrot
- 2 tablespoons plus extra salsa, recipe below
- 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano
- 1/2 teaspoon hot pepper sauce (such as Tabasco)
- 2 whole wheat hamburger buns, optional
Directions:
Using a fork, mash half of the beans in medium bowl. Mix the remaining beans, onion, carrot, bread crumbs, 2 tablespoons salsa, oregano and hot pepper sauce. Season with salt and pepper. Using moistened hands, shape bean mixture into two 3- to 4-inch-diameter patties.
Preheat broiler. Brush broiler rack or pan with oil. Broil burgers until heated through, about 3 minutes per side.. Spoon 1/4 cup salsa over each. Serve in a hamburger bun, if desired.
Homemade Tomato Salsa
Makes 3 cups
Ingredients:
- 2 medium sized fresh tomatoes (from 1 lb to 1 1/4 lb), stems removed, finely diced
- 1/2 red onion, finely diced
- 1 jalapeño chili pepper (stems, ribs, seeds removed), finely diced
- 1 serano chili pepper (stems, ribs, seeds removed), finely diced
- Juice of one lime
- 1/2 cup chopped cilantro
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 1/2 teaspoon dried oregano
Directions:
Chop 2 medium sized fresh tomatoes. Prepare the chilies. Be very careful while handling these hot peppers. If you can, avoid touching them with your hands. Use surgical gloves or a paper towel to protect your hands. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and hot water after handling and avoid touching your eyes for several hours. Set aside some of the seeds from the peppers. If the salsa isn’t hot enough, you can add a few for heat.
Combine all of the ingredients in a medium sized bowl. Taste. If the chilies make the salsa too hot, add some more chopped tomato. If not hot enough, carefully add a few of the seeds from the chilies and the oregano
Let sit for an hour for the flavors to combine.
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If you already follow a healthful meal plan filled with whole grains, fresh fruits and veggies, and lean protein, congratulations! You’re on your way to a long, healthy life and are taking a major step in controlling your weight and blood glucose levels. Plus, you’re probably already eating most of the foods on this list.
For those who are taking the baby-steps approach to eating better, this list is even more helpful. Not only are these power foods high in fiber, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, they’re also familiar and easy to find. That means you don’t have to hunt down any exotic ingredients or shop at specialty grocery stores to find foods that will help you get on track with a healthy meal plan.
Some fruits, veggies, and grains are so good for you that they practically have superpowers. These power foods are packed with antioxidants and other disease-fighting nutrients. Plus, they’re delicious in recipes. What are they, you ask?
Asparagus
Asparagus is high in folate and vitamin C, which both contribute to a heart-healthy diet. It’s a non-starchy vegetable with only 5 grams of carbs per serving and nearly 2 grams of dietary fiber. It is also high in B vitamins, folate, vitamin C and an antioxidant called glutathione. The cardiovascular benefits of folate and other B vitamins have been studied in relation to lowering homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood, that has been linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease. As a result of these studies, the American Heart Association recommends including foods containing folate and other B vitamins in your diet to help lower homocysteine levels. A serving of asparagus is a 1/2 cup, or 4 ounces cooked, and provides 33 percent of the daily recommendation of folate, according to the FDA.
Blueberries and Raspberries
Enjoy the benefits of blueberries on their own or in a variety of foods, including smoothies and pancakes. Blueberries provide dietary fiber, vitamin C and flavonoids, a type of phytonutrient that offers antioxidant protection, such as boosting your immune system and fighting inflammation. A phytonutrient is a chemical compound that occurs naturally in plants.
Blueberries get their dark blue color from anthocyanins, plant pigments that are another disease-fighting antioxidant, that may benefit heart health. Blueberries have also been studied for their potential to protect and improve vision. One serving is 3/4 cup and has 15 grams of carbs. You can enjoy fresh, in-season blueberries May through October or buy the frozen varieties year-round. So next time you make pancakes, add a cup of blueberries for a healthy boost.
Raspberries are packed with fiber (partly due to their tiny, edible seeds) and are high in vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that the body can only get through food. Vitamin C is beneficial for bone and skin health as well as cancer and heart disease prevention. These delicate berries are also rich in anthocyanins, which give red raspberries their color and more antioxidant power.
Beans
Beans are high in fiber and protein and are a good source of vitamins and minerals, such as folate, iron, magnesium and potassium, which are essential for the water balance between the cells and body fluids, such as electrolyte balance. The American Heart Association recommends eating a variety of foods to get the necessary soluble and insoluble fiber needed daily–about 25 to 30 grams a day, which is twice the amount the average American adult normally consumes. One serving of navy beans is 1/2 cup and has 5.8 grams of fiber per serving.
There are so many delicious varieties of beans to choose from, such as black, kidney, garbanzo, white, lima or pinto. It is easy to find ways to incorporate beans in your diet. Soak and cook dry beans or use canned beans. Try substituting beans as your main protein source for lunch or dinner a couple times a week. Protein is an important part of your daily nutrition, which helps the body repair and produce cells and build muscle and bones.
Broccoli
The vitamin A in broccoli promotes healthy vision, teeth, bones and skin.Truly a super food, this non-starchy vegetable has more vitamin C per 100 grams than an orange and is considered a good source of fiber and the antioxidant beta-carotene, which the body uses to make vitamin A. Vitamin C is essential for healing wounds and is a disease-fighting antioxidant. One serving of broccoli is 1 cup raw or 1/2 cup cooked. Pick up fresh broccoli in the produce section or your local farmer’s market or try the frozen food section for cut florets.
Carrots
Cooked or raw, carrots are a healthy addition to any meal plan. Have them for a snack with 2 tablespoons of light ranch dressing or include them in your main course or as a side dish.
Carrots provide vitamin A from the antioxidant beta-carotene. This powerful phytonutrient may help prevent cancer and heart disease, Carotenoids found in yellow and orange produce may also help reduce insulin resistance. Carrots are another source of fiber and heart-healthy flavonoids, which can also be enjoyed juiced with other fruits and vegetables such as apples, beets, or the spice, ginger. One serving of carrots is 1 cup raw or 1/2 cup cooked.
Fish
Fish is a great addition to your meal plan, especially omega-3-rich fatty fish, such as salmon, trout, tuna, sardines, mackerel and herring. Omega-3, a type of polyunsaturated fat, can help lower triglycerides and can also help reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of blood clots. Try preparing fish on the grill, baked, broiled, or steamed, instead of frying. Eating fish twice a week is the recommendation for a healthy meal plan.
Flaxseed
Flaxseed is noted for its alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a fatty acid that can be converted into omega-3 fatty acids, which offer similar benefits as the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA found in fish. ALA omega-3s are known for helping to lower triglycerides, reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of heart disease. High in both soluble and insoluble fiber, flaxseed is also a good source of lignans, a phytoestrogen that is considered beneficial in preventing cancer and heart disease. Lignans have also been shown to alleviate other estrogen dependent conditions, such as menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis.
Flaxseeds are available whole, ground (milled), or as flaxseed oil. To reap the most nutritional reward from the nutty-flavored flaxseed, use ground flaxseed on salads and cereal or mixed into breads, smoothies, and dressings. So, if you do not like fish, add this omega-3 source to your meals.
Cranberries
Cranberries are a power fruit, packed with the disease-fighting antioxidants, that can be eaten year-round. Although best known for helping to prevent urinary tract infections, cranberries and their abundant phytonutrients, may also help protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease studies suggest. Add cranberries to smoothies, salads, or chutneys. Look for cranberries packaged in bags in the produce section of your supermarket, in the freezer section, jellied, dried or juiced. One serving of dried cranberries is 2 tablespoons.
Apples
The soluble and insoluble fiber in apples can benefit people with diabetes and a diet high in fiber can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. One medium-sized apple contains 3 grams of fiber–12 percent of the recommended 25 grams per day. Plus, the soluble fiber in an apple may help slow digestion, help regulate cholesterol and stabilize blood glucose. Eating apples, especially with the skin, not only increases your fiber intake but provides vitamin C and flavonoids, a disease-fighting antioxidant.
Melon
A dessert straight from nature, melons come in many varieties including watermelon, cantaloupe, muskmelon, honeydew, casaba, crenshaw and Persian. While all provide good nutrients, watermelon is high in vitamins C and B6 and is a good source of the antioxidant, lycopene, which may help protect against cancer. Lycopene is commonly associated with tomatoes and tomato juice, but watermelon is another optimal source. Watermelon is also high in beta-carotene, which the body uses to make vitamin A.
Honeydew is high in vitamin C and a good source of potassium, which can help improve or maintain blood pressure, Cantaloupe is also high in potassium and the antioxidant beta-carotene, and it’s a good source of fiber, vitamin C, and folate. The American Heart Association recommends getting enough folate and other B vitamins in your diet to help lower homocysteine levels, which may help decrease the risk of heart disease.
Nuts
Nuts are a good source of protein, fiber, vitamin E, flavonoids and are power-packed with monounsaturated fat. Plant sterols, known to lower cholesterol, also naturally occur in nuts. Walnuts, almonds, macadamia nuts, pecans and hazelnuts are just some of the nuts that can help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol, making them heart-healthy choices. Eat nuts in moderation and avoid salted, sugared, or chocolate-covered options that increase calories and decrease the nuts’ natural health benefits. One serving of almonds, cashews or mixed nuts is 6 nuts. One serving of pecans is 4 halves, a serving of hazelnuts is 5 nuts and a serving of pistachios is 16 nuts.
Oatmeal
The soluble fiber in oats can help lower cholesterol, improve blood pressure and stabilize blood glucose by slowing digestion. Oats are also a source of antioxidants that provide vitamin E, B vitamins, magnesium and potassium, which may help lower blood pressure.There are several types of oatmeal to choose from. Steel-cut oatmeal has a dense, thick texture and can take up to 45 minutes to cook, while old-fashioned (or rolled) oats are thinner and take less time to cook. The less processed the oat, such as steel-cut oatmeal, the lower it is on the glycemic index. The glycemic index provides a measure of how quickly blood sugar levels rise after eating a particular type of food. Quick cooking oatmeal and instant oatmeal are also available. Be sure to check the labels for added salt and sugar. One serving of oatmeal is 1/2 cup.
Red Onions
Red onions don’t just add great color to salads, sandwiches, and stews. They also score highest in antioxidant power, with yellow onions not far behind and white a distant third. Onions are also a good source of fiber, potassium and folate-all good for heart health. The flavonoid, quercetin, found in onions may lower the risk of chronic illnesses. One serving of this non-starchy vegetable is 1 cup raw or 1/2 cup cooked.
Spinach
This dark green leafy vegetable is loaded with vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B2 and B6, folate, copper, magnesium, potassium, zinc and fiber. Studies of spinach have found it has the potential to decrease the risk of cancer, cataracts and heart disease. Spinach is high in beta-carotene, an antioxidant that the body uses to make vitamin A. Beta-carotene helps protect the body’s cells from chronic illness and aging. Plus, just 1/2 cup of cooked frozen spinach has 145 mg. of calcium and 3.5 grams of fiber. You can find fresh or frozen spinach at your local market year round. One serving of spinach is 1/2 cup cooked or 1 cup raw, which is great for salads.
Tea
The next time you pour yourself a cup of white, green or black tea, you could be doing your health a favor. Tea contains antioxidant-rich flavonoids, called catechins, which have been studied for their effectiveness in preventing chronic illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease. White tea is the highest in antioxidants, with green coming in second, followed by oolong tea, then black tea. Tea can be enjoyed either hot or cold.
Tomatoes
The tomato is an excellent source of vitamin C and potassium and is rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that is easier for your body to absorb from cooked and processed tomatoes, such as tomato juice, than from fresh, whole tomatoes. Adding a little bit of oil while sauteing or cooking tomatoes can help aid in lycopene absorption.
Studies suggest lycopene-rich tomato products may help protect against certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer, and may offer cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory protection. Check the Nutrition Facts food labels on packaged and canned tomato products to find those with the least sodium and sugar.
Yogurt
Yogurt is an excellent source of calcium, which helps promote the health of bones and teeth, as well as muscle and blood vessel function. Yogurt is also a good source of energy-boosting vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and protein. It also provides zinc, which can be deficient in some people, and aids in immune function and wound healing. Probiotic yogurt contains health-promoting bacteria that some research has proposed is beneficial for digestive health, including lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome. There are different yogurts to choose from on the market, including Greek yogurt, which is thicker than regular yogurt because it is strained before being packaged. One serving of 2 percent fat Greek yogurt is 6 ounces.
Resource: American Heart Association
Recipes Using Super Foods
Sauteed Shrimp and Asparagus
4 servings
Ingredients:
- 1 pound fresh or frozen large shrimp
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 2 teaspoons minced fresh garlic
- 4 plum tomatoes, seeded and chopped
- 1/4 cup dry white wine or reduced-sodium chicken broth
- 1 pound asparagus, trimmed and cut on the diagonal into ½ inch thick slices
- 1/4 cup finely chopped green onions
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh basil
- Sea salt and freshly ground pepper
Directions:
Thaw shrimp, if frozen. Peel and devein shrimp. Rinse shrimp; pat dry with paper towels.
Heat olive oil over medium high heat in a large skillet and place the shrimp in a single layer. Cook about one minute on each side and remove to a plate.
Add garlic and asparagus to skillet, and cook one minute. Add tomato, green onions and wine, cook one minute, and return shrimp to the pan.
Cook 1 minute, until the shrimp are cooked and the asparagus is still crisp. Season to taste, stir in chopped herbs and serve immediately.
Broccoli with Feta Cheese and Walnuts
6 servings
Ingredients:
- 1 pound broccoli, trimmed and cut into 1-inch pieces
- 1/2 cup buttermilk
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley
- 1 tablespoon Dijon-style mustard
- 2 teaspoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 teaspoon chopped fresh thyme
- 1 teaspoon red wine vinegar
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 1/8 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 1/2 cup thinly slivered red onion
- 1/4 cup coarsely chopped walnuts, toasted
- 1 ounce feta cheese, crumbled
Directions:
In a covered large saucepan cook broccoli in a small amount of lightly salted boiling water for 6 to 8 minutes or until crisp-tender. Drain and set aside.
In a large bowl whisk together buttermilk, parsley, mustard, olive oil, thyme, red wine vinegar, garlic, kosher salt, nutmeg, and pepper. Add the broccoli and red onion; stir gently to coat. Top with walnuts and cheese. Serve warm.
Salmon and Spinach Salad with Flaxseed Dressing
4 servings
Ingredients:
- 12 ounces cooked salmon, cut into chunks
- 3 cups fresh baby spinach
- 1 cup coarsely chopped cucumbers
- 1/2 cup quartered red onion slices
- Salt to taste
- 1/4 cup Flaxseed Dressing (recipe below)
Directions:
In a large bowl, combine cooked salmon, spinach, cucumbers, and red onion. Pour Flaxseed Dressing over salad; toss gently to coat. Makes 4 (1-1/2-cup) main-dish servings.
Tip
Cook the salmon by grilling or broiling. You’ll need a 1-pound fresh or frozen salmon fillet to give 12 ounces salmon after cooking. Thaw salmon, if frozen. Rinse salmon; pat dry with paper towels.
To grill salmon: Measure thickness of salmon. Place salmon fillet, skin side down, on a greased grill rack directly over medium coals. Grill for 4 to 6 minutes per 1/2-inch thickness of fish or until fish flakes easily when tested with a fork, turning once halfway through grilling. Using a wide metal spatula, lift fillet away from the skin to a serving platter. (Scrape skin from grill rack and discard.)
To broil salmon: Preheat broiler. Skin salmon; measure thickness of salmon. Place salmon on unheated rack of broiler pan. Broil 4 to 5 inches from heat for 4 to 6 minutes per 1/2-inch thickness of fish or until fish flakes easily when tested with a fork, turning once halfway through broiling.
Flaxseed Dressing
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon flaxseeds
- 3 tablespoons champagne vinegar or white wine vinegar
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 tablespoon water
- 1 tablespoon finely chopped shallots or green onion
- 2 teaspoons Dijon-style mustard
- 1 clove garlic, minced
Directions:
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Place flaxseeds in a shallow baking pan; bake for 10 minutes. Cool. Place toasted flaxseeds in a spice grinder and pulse until ground to a fine powder. In a small bowl, whisk together ground flaxseeds, vinegar, olive oil, water, shallots, mustard, and garlic. Makes about 1/2 cup.
Tabbouleh with Cranberries
6 servings; ¾ cup serving
Ingredients:
- Nonstick cooking spray
- 2 tablespoons finely chopped shallots
- 2 ½ cups reduced-sodium chicken broth
- 1 cup bulgur
- 1 cup chopped, seeded cucumber (1 large)
- 1/4 cup dried cranberries
- 1/4 cup snipped fresh mint
- 1/2 teaspoon finely shredded lemon zest
- 2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- 1/8 teaspoon ground black pepper
- Lemon wedges (optional)
Directions:
Coat a large nonstick saucepan with nonstick cooking spray. Preheat over medium heat. Add shallots; cook and stir about 3 minutes or just until tender. Add broth; bring to boiling. Stir in bulgur. Return to boiling; reduce heat. Cover and simmer about 15 minutes or until tender. Transfer to a large bowl. Cover; chill about 3 hours or until cool.
Add cucumber, cranberries, mint, lemon zest, lemon juice, and pepper; mix well. Serve with lemon wedges.
Make Ahead Tip: Prepare the tabbouleh as directed. Cover and chill for up to 24 hours.
Italian White Beans
Use these beans as a side dish for dinner or add to a salad for lunch.
Makes 4 servings.
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon. olive oil
- 1 tablespoon garlic, crushed, or to taste
- 1/4 teaspoon dried sage
- 1 (14-oz.) can cannellini beans (Italian white beans), drained or 2 cups cooked dried beans
- 2 cups chopped canned plum tomatoes
- Salt and pepper to taste
- 2 tablespoons fresh basil, shredded
- 2 teaspoons. red wine vinegar or to taste
Directions:
Heat oil in large skillet over medium-high heat. Add garlic and sage. Sauté about 2 minutes.
Add drained beans and tomatoes. Season with salt and pepper. Stir gently to combine. Cover, reduce heat, and simmer about 10 minutes.
Uncover pan and remove from heat. Immediately add basil and vinegar and serve.
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- Antioxidant Smoothie (fitnesstipsforlife.com)
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TOWN CENTER
Cosenza is one of the most highly populated provinces of Italy and occupies about 44% of the Calabrian region, basically the whole northern and central parts of the area. The landscape is unique and characterized by mountains, hills, plains and deep valleys bounded by the Busento and the Crathis rivers. Cosenza is one of the most ancient cities in Calabria and is situated on seven hills in the valley of Crati. The area in and around Cosenza exhibits signs of historic transitions since the prehistoric period with sites in the area attesting to human presence during those prehistoric times.
The fortress, Rocca Imperiale, overlooks the Ionian Sea, and was built by Frederick II.
Important water travel routes have existed here since the Magna Graecia and Roman periods. In 204 BC, the region was conquered by the Romans, and became an important route along the Via Popilia, connecting Rome to Sicily. In the Middle Ages this land was conquered by the Byzantines, who brought economic benefits to the territory with the introduction of new agricultural techniques and architectural design. Byzantine influences are still present in the elegant architecture of the city, as well as the influences of the Normans, the Angevins, the Aragonese and the Spaniards, who all left their traces in the centuries that followed.
CHURCH OF SAN DOMENICO, COSENZA
Due to its cultural past, it was known as the Athens of Italy and today it houses the largest university campus of the nation. The city of Cosenza is rich in art and culture and officially recognized as a “City of Art” in the Calabria region. Cosenza is also called the capital of the Bruzi. The Bruzi were an ancient population who lived in southern Italy and they settled in the area of land that lies between the woods of the Sila plateau and the Crati Rivers. They took economic and social control of these areas following the decline of the Greek dominance and, in the 4th. century BC, they attained independence forming their capital Cosenza, formerly called Cosentia.
The old city is characterized by steep and narrow alleys and, during the few last years, this area has experienced a renewed vibrancy. This section is one of the most beautiful and ancient city centers in Italy, where one can find historical buildings, manor houses, an urban plan, and a labyrinth of streets around the old buildings and churches that have existed for centuries.
The cultural activity of the city centers around theater and opera events held in the Rendano Theater, the historical Cinemateatro Italia and the Teatro Stabile d’Innovazione of Calabria. The Accademia Cosentina promotes culture, artists and scientists.The Brettii Museum, officially opened in 2009, in the 15th. century complex of St. Agostino and is located in the center of the city. The Museum of the Rimembranze and the Open-Air Museum Bilotti can also be found there.
RENDANO THEATER
The variety in the landscape here makes the province of Cosenza an ideal place for long outdoor excursions. The trekking routes will lead you to the discovery of small churches and a beautiful countryside that you can admire from charming wooden bridges. The flat, hilly areas are usually used for horse riding. Photography enthusiasts will draw plenty of inspiration for their picture taking. During wintertime, organized snowshoe excursions in the mountains are popular, while ski establishments can be found in the highest areas of the Sila Mountains.
The National Park of Pollino offers opportunities to practice rafting and canoeing, especially on the river Lao, among the canyons and gorges. During recent years, Nordic walking has become more widespread, as it is a gentle sport, suitable for everybody. Water parks can be found along the coast, like Odissea 2000, in Zolfara. The area is well equipped for water sports, from windsurfing to water skiing, as well as beach volleyball.
Inland, many fairs and festivals offer opportunities to taste local dishes and discover local traditions.The culinary specialties of Cosenza are based on local, simple foods. Such specialities, as the Cuddrurieddri, are salted doughnuts prepared for the Immacolata Feast or for Christmas time. The Turididdri are fried Christmas pastries covered with figs and honey, while the Scaliddre are sugar-glazed.
First courses offer fresh fusilli pasta with potatoes, sauteed potatoes, onions and peppers, broccoli with sausages, thick tagliatelle pasta with chickpeas and fresh pasta with mushrooms. Among the fish dishes, the most famous are fried cod and spaghetti with anchovies and breadcrumbs.
Pitta ‘mpigliata, a traditional Christmas dessert pastry, Mostaccioli, pastries prepared for the Feast of Saint Joseph and focaccia bread made with honey or figs, mulled wine, flour and almonds and formed into different religious shapes are popular desserts. The area is well known for its anise liqueur.
Make Some Cosenza Inspired Recipes At Home:
First Course
Italian Peppers, Onions and Potatoes
Serve with Italian bread
Ingredients:
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 cloves chopped garlic
- 2 large potatoes, cubed into 1 inch pieces
- 1 large onion, cut into 1 inch pieces
- 1 tablespoon paprika
- 1 teaspoon. salt
- 1/2 teaspoon pepper
- 2 lbs. sweet long Italian frying peppers or red bell peppers, seeded and cut into 1 inch strips
- 1 lb. long hot Italian peppers, seeded and cut into 1 inch strips
- 1/4 – 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
- 2 tablespoons fresh oregano or 1 tablespoon dried
- 1 teaspoon of red wine vinegar
Directions:
Heat oil in a large skillet and add garlic, onion, potatoes, paprika, salt, and pepper.
Cook on medium heat for 10 minutes, turning occasionally. Add sweet and hot peppers, crushed red pepper and oregano.
Cook until peppers and potatoes are tender, stirring often. Stir in vinegar.
Second Course
Simmered Tuna Steaks
Ingredients:
- 1 ½ lbs. fresh tuna cut into 4 even sized steaks
- 2 oz pancetta
- 1 large clove garlic, peeled
- 1 onion, peeled
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 tablespoons flour
- 4 tablespoons dry white wine
- 2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
- 4 boned anchovy fillets packed in oil, drained
- 1 1/4 cups Italian canned chopped tomatoes or equivalent fresh tomatoes
- 1/2 hot dried red chili pepper, chopped or 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper
- Sea salt and freshly milled black pepper
Directions:
- Chop the pancetta finely and set aside.
- Chop the garlic and onion together and set aside.
- Pat the tuna dry with paper towels.
- Season the dry tuna steaks thoroughly on both sides with salt and pepper.
- Heat the oil in a wide skillet.
- Coat the tuna lightly on either side in flour and cook the steaks for 3 minutes on either side in the hot oil.
- Sprinkle with the wine and allow the alcohol to boil off for 1 minute.
- Remove the fish to a plate.
- Put the pancetta, garlic and onion and half the parsley in the skillet.
- Saute gently for about 5 minutes, then add the anchovy fillets and mash them into the ingredients in the skillet with a fork.
- After a minute or so, add the tomatoes and stir together thoroughly.
- Add the chilli and simmer slowly for about 15 minutes, then slide in the fish. Heat through thoroughly for about 8 minutes, turning them over gently once.
- Arrange the tuna on a warmed serving dish, cover with the sauce and sprinkle with remaining parsley just before serving.
Dessert Course
Chocolate-Dipped Figs with Almonds 
Makes 2 dozen
Ingredients:
- 1 1/4 cups semisweet chocolate chips
- 2/3 cup chopped unsalted toasted almonds
- 24 plump dried figs, such as Calimyrna
Directions
Line a large baking sheet or tray with parchment paper.
Place almonds into a wide, shallow dish.
Put chocolate into a small pot and heat over medium low heat, stirring constantly, until melted and smooth, about 5 minutes. Working with one at a time, hold a fig by the stem and carefully dip it into the chocolate, coating it about halfway up. Shake off any excess chocolate, roll the bottom in almonds and transfer to the paper lined tray.
(If chocolate becomes too stiff, reheat it briefly over medium low heat.)
Set figs aside in a cool spot until chocolate is set, about 2 hours. Alternately, chill the figs in the refrigerator for about 20 minutes to allow the chocolate to harden, and then return them to room temperature.
Related articles
- Philly-Style Stuffed Peppers (eatyourtarteout.com)
- The Cuisine Of Italy – Catanzaro (jovinacooksitalian.com)
- http://www.lifeinitaly.com/tourism/calabria
- http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/calabria/cosenza
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_9u0WA9CBI
- Top 5 Tourist Destinations in Italy – Best of European Union (best-of-european-union.eu)
We’ve all heard the old saying that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but do you know why? Breakfast is literally just that, breaking the fast that your body is in from the night before.The consumption of an early morning meal increases the metabolic rate (how fast you burn calories) and kick starts your body into gear, telling it what to expect the rest of the day. If you don’t eat breakfast, your body doesn’t process your next meal as quickly and tries to hold onto those nutrients. Since your body didn’t get any morning fuel, it tries to hold onto the afternoon meal as long as possible — instead of burning it right away.
Studies have shown that weight loss can be more difficult and weight gain more prevalent in folks who opt out on the morning meal. Those who skip breakfast have a tendency to consume more food than usual the next chance they get to grab a bite to eat and also have a higher tendency to snack on high-calorie foods to keep from feeling hungry.
If you don’t like breakfast foods, don’t eat them! Try leftovers, soup, a sandwich, or lean meats in the morning. Many cultures serve rice and vegetables as a breakfast meal.
Breakfast should include a healthy source of protein and plenty of fiber; that combination will help satisfy your hunger and will keep you feeling full until lunch time. The protein can come from low-fat meat, low-fat dairy products, or nuts and nut butters. Eggs are also a good source of protein. They’re also high in saturated fats, but one egg only has about 75 calories and they’re quite satiating, so it can help keep the hunger pangs away. High-fiber foods include fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
There is no harm in switching from your traditional breakfast, as long as you are going to get the proper nutritional value, you can try eating something different to start off your day. Try out something tempting and appetizing like some of these recipes listed below.
Breakfast Mini Pizzas
1 serving
Ingredients
- 1 large egg, beaten
- 2 tablespoons marinara sauce
- 1 whole-wheat English muffin, split and toasted
- 2 tablespoons shredded reduced fat Italian cheese blend, such as Sargento
- 2 slices turkey pepperoni or Applegate Farms nitrate free pepperoni (optional)
Directions:
Preheat broiler or toaster oven.
Coat a small nonstick skillet with cooking spray and heat over medium-high heat. Add egg and cook, stirring often, until set into soft curds, 1 to 2 minutes. Spread marinara sauce on English muffin halves. Top each muffin half with scrambled egg, pepperoni (if using) and cheese. Broil until the cheese is melted, 1 to 3 minutes.
Berry Smoothie
3 servings, 1 cup each
Ingredients
- 1 1/4 cups orange juice
- 1 banana
- 1 1/4 cups frozen berries, such as raspberries, blackberries, blueberries and/or strawberries
- 1/2 cup low-fat plain yogurt
- 1 tablespoon sugar, or 1/2 tablespoon Truvia or Domino Light
- Berries for garnish
Directions:
Combine orange juice, banana, berries, yogurt and sugar in a blender; cover and blend until creamy. Garnish with berries and serve.
Stuffed Italian Toast
Makes 8 sandwiches
Filling:
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 garlic clove, minced
- 4 cups loosely packed fresh baby spinach
- 1/2 cup ricotta cheese
- 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
- 1 teaspoon finely grated lemon rind (from 1 small lemon)
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh or 1 teaspoon dried basil
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh or 1 teaspoon dried oregano
- Salt and pepper
Toast:
- 1 loaf hearty whole grain Italian bread, cut into 16 – 3/4-inch-thick slices
- 2 large eggs
- 1/2 cup milk
- 1/4 cup salt
- 1-2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, divided
- Warm marinara sauce
Directions:
For the filling, heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add garlic and cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add spinach and cook until wilted, 1 to 2 minutes. Let cool, then coarsely chop.
In a small bowl, combine chopped spinach mixture, ricotta, Parmesan, lemon zest, basil, and oregano. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Spread one bread slice with 2 tablespoons of filling, top with another slice of bread and press closed. Repeat with remaining bread to make 8 sandwiches in all.
Whisk together eggs, milk, salt, and garlic powder in a shallow baking dish.
Heat 1 tablespoon of the oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat.
Working with 1 sandwich at a time, quickly dip into egg mixture, turning to coat both sides. Add to hot oil. Repeat with 3 more slices, taking care not to overload pan. Cook for 3 minutes per side, or until golden brown. Remove from pan and keep warm.
Repeat with remaining oil (if needed) and 4 sandwiches.
Transfer to plates, spoon warm marinara sauce over top, and serve.
Yogurt-Zucchini Bread with Walnuts 
Serve with a fruit salad
MAKES ONE 9-INCH LOAF
Ingredients:
- 1 cup walnut halves (4 ounces)
- 2 cups all-purpose flour or Eagle Brand Ultra Grain flour
- 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 3/4 cup sugar or sugar alternative
- 2 large eggs
- 1/2 cup vegetable oil
- 1/2 cup fat-free plain Greek yogurt
- 1 cup coarsely grated zucchini (from about 1 medium zucchini)
Directions:
Preheat the oven to 325°F. Coat with cooking spray and flour a 9-by-4 1/2-inch metal loaf pan.
Spread the walnut halves in a pie plate and toast them for about 8 minutes, until they are fragrant.
Transfer the toasted walnuts to a cutting board and coarsely chop them, then freeze for 5 minutes to cool.
In a large bowl, whisk the flour with the baking powder, baking soda and salt.
In a medium bowl, mix the sugar with the eggs, vegetable oil and yogurt.
Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients along with the grated zucchini and toasted walnuts and stir until the batter is evenly moistened.
Scrape the batter into the prepared pan and bake for about 1 hour and 10 minutes, until the loaf is risen and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
Let the loaf cool on a rack for 30 minutes before unmolding and serving.
MAKE AHEAD: The zucchini loaf can be wrapped tightly in plastic and kept at room temperature for up to 4 days, or frozen in plastic and foil for up to 1 month.
Eggs Baked Over Sauteed Mushrooms and Spinach 
Servings: 4
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 large leek, white and light green parts only, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
- 1 garlic clove, minced
- 1 tablespoon unsalted butter
- 1 pound white or cremini mushrooms, thinly sliced (about 6 cups)
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 cup dry red wine
- 5 ounces baby spinach
- Freshly ground pepper
- 4 large eggs
- 4 slices of whole-grain toast
Directions:
Preheat the oven to 350°F.
In a deep skillet, heat the olive oil. Add the leeks and cook over moderate heat, stirring, until softened, 3 minutes. Stir in the butter, garlic and mushrooms. Cover and cook, stirring occasionally, until the mushrooms are softened and a lot of liquid is released, 7 minutes.
Uncover and add the salt and red wine and cook over moderately high heat, stirring, until the liquid is reduced, 5 minutes. Add the spinach and stir until wilted, 2 minutes. Season with pepper.
Coat four 1-cup ramekins or small gratin dishes with cooking spray. Transfer the mushrooms and spinach to the ramekins and crack an egg on top of each.
Place the ramekins in the oven and bake for 10 to 12 minutes, until the eggs are set. Let stand for 2 minutes; serve with the toasts.
Crepes with Sweet Yogurt and Raspberry-Apricot Sauce 
Makes 8 servings
- 3 large eggs
- 1 1/4 cups milk
- Pinch of salt
- 1 cup all-purpose flour or Eagle Brand Ultra Grain flour
- 2-3 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
- 1/4 cup apricot preserves, low sugar, if available
- 1/2 cup frozen raspberries
- 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
- 1 1/2 cups plain Greek-style yogurt (not fat free)
- 3 tablespoons light brown sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
Directions:
In a medium bowl, whisk the eggs with 1/4 cup of the milk and the salt until blended. Whisk in the flour until the batter is smooth, then whisk in the remaining 1 cup of milk and 1 tablespoon of the melted butter. Let the crepe batter stand at room temperature for about 20 minutes.
In a small saucepan, combine the apricot preserves with the raspberries and lemon juice and cook over moderate heat until jammy, about 5 minutes. Cover and keep warm.
In a bowl, mix the yogurt with the brown sugar and vanilla.
Heat a 10-inch crepe pan or nonstick skillet over moderate heat. Brush the pan with some of the melted butter. Pour in a scant 1/3 cup of the crepe batter and immediately rotate the pan to evenly coat the bottom. Cook the crepe until lightly browned on the bottom, about 45 seconds. Flip the crepe and cook until brown dots appear on the other side, about 15 seconds longer.
See post on how to make crepes:
http://jovinacooksitalian.com/2012/12/27/new-years-eve-party-time/
Transfer the crepe to a large plate covered with parchment paper.
Continue making crepes with the remaining batter, brushing the pan with the remaining melted butter as needed. Place a sheet of wax paper in between each cooked crepe.
To Assemble Crepes: Spoon 3 tablespoons of the yogurt mixture onto each crepe and roll them up.
Transfer to individual serving plates. Spoon the raspberry-apricot sauce on top and serve.
MAKE AHEAD : The crepes can be made ahead and stacked, then rewarmed in a microwave oven for about 20 seconds.
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Nuts and seeds — raw, toasted, or ground — add flavor, nutrition and texture to just about anything we put them in. Even better, consistent evidence shows that all manner of nuts, including walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans and cashews, promote healthy arteries and cholesterol levels when we consume them in moderation. Eating a small handful of nuts about five times a week is recommended.
Botanically speaking, a nut is a dry fruit with a seed that’s encased in a hard, woody shell. While all nuts are seeds (the fruit is the seed — think pecans), not all seeds are nuts (the seed can be separated from the fruit and is not one in the same —think pumpkin seeds).
Here are a number of healthy nuts that should have a place in your pantry:
ALMONDS: calcium-rich — sold whole, shelled, raw, blanched, sliced, slivered or dry-roasted are available year round. Almond flour is a great gluten free choice in baking.
BRAZIL NUTS: come from magnificent, large trees that grow wild in the Amazon rain forest. Similar to coconut in texture, Brazil nuts are eaten raw or roasted.
CASHEWS: The cashew tree is related to poison ivy and poison sumac, but don’t be afraid ! This rich, curved nut — which is actually lower in total fat than most nuts — is always a crowd favorite.
CHESTNUTS: The lowest in fat of all nuts, chestnuts are appreciated for their flavorful contribution to soups, stuffing and stews, as well as the holiday tradition of eating them roasted. Chestnuts are available fresh only in the autumn, but dried, canned and pureed versions are available year round.
FLAX SEEDS: are the richest plant source of omega-3 fatty acids and are high in fiber. While they’re identical nutritionally, brown flax seeds have deep, nutty flavor while golden flax seeds are mild. Add to breads, cookies and smoothies or sprinkle on cereal and salads.
HAZELNUTS (also known as. Filberts): Bakers and confectioners are partial to these nutrient dense nuts — which can be made into butter, flour, oil and paste — because their rich flavor and texture lend themselves well to desserts and snack foods.
HEMP SEEDS: are a healthful food with omega 3 fatty acids, similar to flax seeds. They’re also similar in flavor to sunflower seeds and can be used in or on baked goods, salads, yogurt and cereal.
MACADAMIA NUTS: are rich and creamy nuts with the highest fat levels of all nuts and are among the most expensive ones available.
PEANUTS: which are actually legumes, not nuts at all — originated in South America but have become an important crop throughout the tropics and in the southern half of the U.S. They have a good deal of both protein and fiber. They grow on low vines, forcing the shells into the ground.
PECANS: are native to the southern Mississippi River Valley with a buttery and slightly bittersweet taste. They’re excellent in pies, quick breads, cakes, cookies, candies and ice cream.
PINE NUTS ( also called Pignoli nuts): — are exactly what you think; they’re the edible seeds of pine trees. These delicious little nuts are the essential ingredient in fresh pesto or a great addition to salads.
PISTACHIOS: have beige shells with nuts that range from dull yellow to deep green. Primarily sold as a snack food, they’re easily adaptable to recipes where pecans or other nuts are used.
PUMPKIN SEEDS (also known as Pepitas): Roasted pumpkin seeds are commonly eaten in casseroles, salads, soups and breads. Their rich, peanut-like flavor makes them a terrific snack food.
SESAME SEEDS: are frequently sprinkled on breads and cakes as a form of decoration, but they’re delicious and good-looking on just about anything. Look for black or white sesame seeds in the grocery aisles.
SUNFLOWER SEEDS: Sunflowers belongs to the daisy family and are native to North America. Their shelled seeds are delicious eaten raw or toasted or added to cakes and breads or sprinkled on salads or cereals.
WALNUTS: have come into greater favor recently because they contain omega-3 fatty acids, a heart-healthy compound. In addition to their health benefits, walnuts add texture and flavor to pastas, salads, stir fries and desserts.
Tips for Toasting:
While nuts and seeds are certainly delicious eaten raw, toasting them brings out a richer flavor. To enhance their flavor or crisp them up, toast nuts on the stove top or in the oven.
On the stove: Place a single layer of nuts in a heavy, ungreased skillet and toast for 5 to 10 minutes over medium heat, shaking the pan and stirring until the nuts are golden brown and fragrant, then remove them from the pan immediately and let cool.
In the oven: Arrange the nuts in a single layer in a shallow baking pan and bake in a 350°F oven for 5 to 10 minutes, stirring them occasionally.
How To Add More Nuts To Your Recipes:
LEAFY GREENS: Chop the toasted nuts and sprinkle over braised hearty leafy greens like kale or Swiss chard. Finish off with a splash of balsamic vinegar, orange juice, or lemon juice.
SALAD: Try a classic salad combination: bitter leafy greens (arugula), dried fruits ( cherries), fresh seasonal fruits ( pomegranate), fresh herbs, and chopped nuts. Drizzle with a tangy vinaigrette.
FISH OR MEAT COATING: Mince the toasted nuts finely and whisk together with butter, mustard, and seasonings to make a breading, then bake or pan-sear. Try with wild salmon, barramundi, or shrimp for seafood, or lamb, duck, or pork.
FRUIT CRISP OR COBBLER: Substitute any chopped nuts for the usual almonds or walnuts in your crisp or cobbler topping. Also toss some add-ins into the topping mixture, like grated ginger, chopped chocolate chips, or ground cinnamon.
ROASTED VEGETABLES: Combine seasonal vegetables ( Brussels, sweet potatoes, red onions, rutabagas, turnips, and/or pumpkin) with olive oil and seasonings, then bake until golden and soft. Toss cooked veggies with toasted nuts and finish with parmesan cheese, lemon juice, and/or balsamic vinegar to taste.
PIES OR TARTS: Use any combination of toasted nuts as a substitution for pecans in any traditional pecan pie recipe—experiment with different nuts and spices. Use ground nuts as a base for pie crust instead of flour.
HOLIDAY STUFFING: Add a few handfuls of chopped toasted nuts to your seasonal stuffing, especially any stuffing that includes dried/fresh fruits and herbs.
COOKIE BATTER: It’s easy enough to add nuts to any cookie batter before you bake them. Simply fold anywhere from 1/4 to 1/2 cup chopped toasted nuts into your cookie batter just before baking.
PASTA: Cook pasta noodles al dente and toss with olive oil and balsamic vinegar or lemon juice to taste. Finish with chopped toasted nuts, cheese of choice, and minced herbs like parsley or rosemary.
POPCORN: Add seasoned nuts of choice to freshly popped popcorn for a wholesome snack.
Cooking With Nuts And Seeds:
There are many regional variations of cooking throughout Italy, but in general, grain foods such as pasta, bread, rice, and polenta are mixed in a variety of interesting ways with vegetables, beans, fish, poultry, nuts, cheeses and meat. Nuts such as pine nuts, walnuts and almonds are used in cooking or eaten as snacks. One of Italy’s most famous sauces, pesto—which originates from the seaport of Genoa —is a mixture of pine nuts, garlic, fresh basil, Parmesan cheese and olive oil.
A deliciously different pesto made with walnuts and richly-flavored sun-dried tomatoes, is featured in this post. You can use this pesto as a dip or spread, you can stir it into soups to add richness and flavor and, of course, you can serve it with pasta.
Sun-Dried Tomato and Walnut Pesto
Makes 1 cup
Ingredients:
- 1 large garlic clove, roughly chopped
- 1 cup fresh basil leaves
- 1/3 cup parmesan cheese, grated
- 1/3 cup walnuts
- 2 tablespoons water
- 6 sun-dried tomatoes, roughly chopped
- 1/2 teaspoon sea salt
- 1/4 teaspoon fresh ground pepper
- 1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil
Directions:
Place all the ingredients, except the olive oil, in a food processor.
While you process, slowly pour the olive oil into the mix until all the ingredients turn into a smooth paste (you may have to scrape the sides occasionally).
Variations: Pine nuts, pistachio nuts, macadamias, almonds or cashews can be substituted for the walnuts.
Salmon and Asparagus 
2 servings
Ingredients:
- 7 oz Farfalle pasta ( bow tie) or Rigatoni whole wheat or regular (Wheat makes it healthier)
- 2 uncooked salmon fillets (6 oz each) cut into 1 inch cubes
- 8 fresh Asparagus spears – trim ends and cut in half
- 1 red pepper – julienned
- 1 cup of the sun dried tomato walnut pesto, recipe above
Directions
First prepare the pesto and set aside.
Boil the pasta and add the asparagus and red pepper to the pot for the final 8 minutes of cooking. Add the salmon to the pot for the final 3 minutes. Drain the cooked pasta, salmon and vegetables in a mesh colander.
Put the pesto in the bottom of the pot and top with hot pasta, salmon and vegetables. Toss or stir together gently to combine well and heat through.
If you prefer, you can use shrimp in place of salmon.
Risotto with Squash, Spinach, Beans and Walnuts
2 servings
Ingredients
- 2 tablespoons olive oil, divided
- 1 onion—finely chopped
- 2 cloves garlic—finely chopped
- 1 cup arborio rice
- 2 cups vegetable or chicken stock
- 1/2 cup white wine
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 2 cups peeled and cubed pumpkin or winter squash (cut into half inch cubes)
- 2 packed cups roughly chopped fresh spinach
- 3/4 cup canned cannellini beans—rinsed well and drained
- 1/4 cup roughly chopped toasted walnuts
- 1/3 cup finely grated Parmesan cheese
- 1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh basil
Directions:
Heat 1 tablespoon of the oil in a large saucepan and cook the onion for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add the garlic and rice, stirring to coat the grains in oil and cook for 1 minute.
Add the wine, stock, salt, black pepper, pumpkin or squash and spinach, stir to combine and bring to a boil.
Cover with a lid, reduce the heat to low and cook for 20 minutes without lifting the lid.
Stir in the white beans, walnuts, Parmesan, basil and remaining tablespoon of oil to combine.
Variations: Use toasted pine nuts instead of the walnuts. Use chickpeas or fresh fava beans instead of the cannellini beans.
Farro Salad
Servings: 6
Ingredients:
- 1/3 cup pine nuts, or you can use pecans (2 ounces)
- 1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 3 tablespoons white wine vinegar
- 1 small shallot, minced (2 tablespoons)
- Salt and freshly ground pepper
- 4 cups Thyme-Scented Farro, recipe below
Directions:
Preheat the oven to 350°F. Spread the pine nuts in a pie plate and toast until golden, about 5 minutes. Let cool.
In a bowl, whisk the oil with the vinegar and shallot and season with salt and pepper. Add the Thyme-Scented Farro, pine nuts, apple, pomegranate seeds and parsley; toss before serving.
MAKE AHEAD: The salad without the pine nuts can be refrigerated overnight. Bring the salad to room temperature before serving and add the pine nuts.
Thyme-Scented Farro
Makes about 4 cups
Ingredients:
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 1/2 cups farro (10 ounces)
- 1 small onion, finely diced
- 2 thyme sprigs
- 3 cups water
- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
Directions:
In a large saucepan, heat the olive oil. Add the farro and cook over moderate heat, stirring, until lightly toasted; the grains will turn slightly opaque just before browning. Add the onion and thyme and cook over low heat, stirring, until the onion is softened, about 5 minutes.
Add the water and kosher salt and bring to a boil. Cover and cook over very low heat until the water is absorbed and the grains are tender. Fluff the grains and discard the thyme sprigs.
MAKE AHEAD: The cooked grains can be refrigerated for up to 5 days or frozen for up to 1 month.
Italian Sesame Seed Cookies
Makes 3 – 4 dozen cookies
Ingredients:
- 1/2 cup butter
- 1/4 cup white sugar
- 1/4 cup packed brown sugar
- 2 eggs
- 1 teaspoon anise extract
- 2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoons baking powder
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 cup milk
- 1/3 cup scant sesame seeds
Directions
Preheat oven 350 degrees F. Grease 2 cookie sheets with cooking spray.
Place milk in a small bowl. Place sesame seeds in a small bowl.
Cream butter, sugar and brown sugar in an electric mixer bowl. Add eggs and vanilla, blend well.
Stir together flour, baking powder and salt. Add gradually to the creamed mixture, blending well.
Break off a small piece of dough and mold into a smooth ball in your hand.
Dip the top of the ball in milk and dip in sesame seeds.
Place on prepared cookie sheet. Repeat with the remaining dough.
Bake for 15 minutes or until golden. Remove to wire racks to cool.
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